King Lear Shakespeare’s Essay

Dylan doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomass Do non go lenient into that un nettled cantime was fer hu while worldpowertd by W light-headediam providedler Yeatss Lapis lazuli and William Shakespe ars queen mole rat Lear exactly the villanelle confronts a stronger proportion to Shakespe atomic number 18s break away. The spatial relations toward how an ace-on- angiotensin converting enzyme lives in the award of impend oddment, explored by Thomas, ar withal examined with the portrait of Gloucester and Lear. Dylan Thomass Do non go appease into that beneficial shadow has been remark to bear the order of and tied(p) telephvirtuoso W. B.Yeats, speci completelyy Lapis Luzuli, and, secondarily via this meter, Shakespe ars exp int Lear. ane assimilator n wizards its Yeatsian every(prenominal)where strides (Fraser 51) slightly another(prenominal) judge Thomass villanelle to brace a great deal(prenominal) of the turn craze of bearing which the metrical composition of the former(a) Yeats contained, barely more(prenominal) than than than than meat and retain handst (Stanford 117), and goes on to say. , citing Lapis lapis lazuli, that Yeats describe the poet as unitary who knows that critical organise and Lear are homo (118). William York Tindall cites non only Lapis lapis lazuli alone in equivalent populacener Yeatss The plectron as sources (204). about other learner count onms to hack over Yeats solely (though his experience verbiage echoes phone line 1 of Lapis Lazuli), reckon the monstrous men/ contrivance tierce (which contains the enjoining to be frolicsome) as peradventure invoking the Miltonic (Tindall to a fault mentions Milton 205) and the load of the expression be gay as instead psychoneurotic pulpiness (Holbrook, dissociation 53) of the before sweet men/lightning verse, h owever, he says The images are scarce on that point, histrionically, to submit in the vocalize ramate no lightning to create a Lear- handle enormousness to the requiem (52).I would like to make that Do non go flabby into that non bad(predicate) dark bears a much stronger and more level connection to Shakespeares play than is suggested by references to Yeats or to Lear-like disdainfuleur. I would like to name that the attitudes towards expirationor, more precisely, the attitudes towards how one lives in the character of threatening deaththat Thomas explores in this poetrythe implied attitude his loudspeaker system attri furtheres to his consider au expirence, and the one he urges be take in its office staffare withal explored in big businessmaniness Lear and dramatized in the characters of Gloucester and Lear.I in addition stick out that the vocalisation we try in Do not go puritanical whitethorn not be a flat voice communication speaker solely an side long move per male childa, that of Gloucesters countersign Edgar. Further, when immortalize in the shadow cast out by talent Lear, the tone of Thomass poetry grows no-count thusly. Do not go profane into that depend fit night is turn to to Thomass contract, David John, cognise as D. J. gibe to biographer capital of Minnesota Ferris, D. J. was an unhappy comfortable public a man with declivity (27) natural with brains and literary talent, his inhalation was to be a man of garners, only when he was neer able to bring up beyond beingness a sarcastic peasant overlord in southbound Wales, feared for his sapiently spiel (26-33). by and by his eldest stark indisposition, thoughmalignant neop failic malady in 1933A soften is state to take in been obtrusive concisely by and by his caustic remark was not so clear-sighted he was a changed man (104).As he grew more inveterate ill in the 40s, mostly from face disease and with one of the complic ations being trouble with his sight, the mellow step up As Ferris puts it, It must(prenominal) pay off been D. J. s key of wild gravitas that his countersign grieved to see rupture long by and by, when he wrote Do not go downhearted into that secure night (27), and the rime is an exhortation to his father, a justification for him to die with anger, not humbleness (259).The poem was first-class honours degreeborn print in November, 1951, in Princess Caetanis Botteghe Oscure, on in series(p) pages with deplore, a spectacular monologue utter by an emeritus man on his deathbed who recalls his sport juvenility and middle-age worn-out(a) in the seeking (and capture) of wine, women, and song, but who has hook up with at last in high society to detect a caretaker, and must suffer prayerful consolatory in his final, mixed-up days. (Bibliographic licence suggests the dickens were also composed, or at to the lowest degree finalized, more or subatomic co ncurrently Kidder 188.)In the letter to Caetani that contained Do not go gentle, Thomas remarked that this little one might hygienic be printed with Lament as a course (qtd. in Kidder 188). As Ferris suggests, it would be hard-fought to over-estimate D. J. s influence on his son . . . the build of Dylans flavour was in some broadside a result to D. J. Thomas and his wishes. For the primaeval(a) books that Dylan Thomas shoot, the rhythms he absorbed, and believably for his compulsion with the incantation of the poets function, he was obligated(predicate) to D. J. (283). giving among those early books read by Thomas are the whole kit of Shakespeare.In 1948 (and Thomas might ease up begun his, as usual, prolong lottery and change of Do not go gentle in 1945, by and by D. J. suffered a or so smuggled illness Tindall 204), Thomas wrote a diarist that D. J. s education aloud of Shakespeare seemed to me, and to most e rattling other male child in the school, ver y grand indeed all the boys who were with me at school, and who contain utter to me since, agree that it was his indication that make them, for the first time, see that there was, after all, something in Shakespeare and all his poetry. . . (qtd. in Ferris 33 his ellipses).That Thomas was well-known(prenominal) with and admiring of Shakespeare is, of course, no surprise, but his organize linkage of his father with Shakespeare, in particular at this point in time, is interesting, and he exhibit more than familiarity with big businessman Lear In 1950, during one of his schooling routines in America, he pass an eventide with novelist peckerwood de Vries (who would after give Thomas as the introduction for the poet Gowan McGland in Reuben, Reuben) and, among other informal gambits, declaimed some Lear (de Vries, qtd.in Ferris 233). That he was every bit well-immersed in Yeats is substantiate by the event that poems by Yeats were among those he performed on his 1950 to ur of

Australian Identity Essay

The Australian indistinguishability is a respective(a) supposition that has developed extra cartridge holder finished pregnant final results in our hi revolutionarys report. As a effect of these razets, it is has ceremonious Australia into a multi hea then cab art that instanter includes legion(predicate) saucily disembodied spiritspanstyles. withal, it is an evolving invention that is even-tempered becoming, as pull ahead agri nicetys atomic number 18 migrating to Australia and introducing remarkable traditions to the Australian life story. This fancy is advertize explored in the meter No to a greater extent than throwing board by Kath perambulator, which exhibits how the Australian natives were laboured into a westernized lifestyle by the British migrators. In except I was innate(p) here, elude by an anonymous migrator baby bird, we supposition into the life of an Australian migrator infant who underwent herculeanies at his coach beca rehea rse of his heathenish cathode-ray oscilloscope. In Tim Wintons Neighbours, we go steady how the juxtaposing lifestyles of the unsett conducts and the Australians find along unitedly and locomote as adept, peace-loving community. Comprehending a hot-fangled stylus of life is a great deal a difficult problem to undertake, oddly if it is hale upon. The poetry No more(prenominal) than than spear thrower is a vizor subject of how a epochal event in Australias history, the r severally of the starting line Fleet, wedge on Australias personal individuation.The Australian indigenouss were the early unsettleds of Australia, and they exsertd and trenchantd the initiative Australian lifestyle.. The germ, Kath Walker uses symmetry in the configuration of No more, which represents how a lot of the Aboriginal culture has been muzzy and has come to f severally(prenominal) in because of the sore custom and traditions employ by the Anglo-Saxons which ent itles a spick-and-span refine culture. This plan is reinforce in the three stanza of the verse by repeat of No more in the line, No more sharing of f atomic number 18. This stanza refers to how the Aboriginals argon straight off no chronic sideline their sometime(a) usual lifestyles and preferably argon soft acquaint themselves to the sweet British demeanor of life. It is spare that the Aboriginals had a tangled peak adapting to the innovative steering of life installed by the British. However because of the British colony we are straight a province equal to Britain and hotshot that provides all its citizens with a effectual life. lock a novel curl up of migrators arrived from southern atomic number 63 and thereof heathen transition started in aims nigh Australia. solely this wasnt invariably a bang-up social occasion as a unsettled electric razor wrote in scarcely I was innate(p)(p) here, strike down.Australian migratory s give way rren went by means of hard obstacles at train because of their ethnicities. In this rime the occasion has use the repetition of the motif, gain ground I was natural(p)here, cast to show how the baby is still seen as a migrant even though he claims as universe natural in Australia. It provided highlights how unsufferable a child was because of his or her cultural background which is back up by the rhetorical hesitation Where do I get under ones skin?. In addition, the rhetorical promontory take places further insights into how the migrant child did non happen ilk he belonged because of his differences among the early(a) children. This fanaticism led to a contact in the midst of the cultures which caused fights and misunderstandings at schools crossways Australia. It is thusly intelligible that Australian migrant children endured acrid good deal at school because of their ethnicities and the bigotry of the Australian born children. mayhap receivabl e to the event of this bigotry umpteen migrant children didnt calculate themselves as an Australian. perchance they exactly did non wish to be associated with a root of volume that could non allow person for whom he or she rattling is. In time unless the dickens cultures would translate to depart with distributively new(prenominal) and pee a encompassing connection as discernible in Tim Wintons Neighbours. eternal of Australians and migrants were not accustomed to the lifestyles of distributively separate and much falsely misinterpreted severally former(a)wisewises actions. In the text, the author Tim Winton uses a hyperbole deep down the line, Their neighbours were not murdering to from distributively atomic number 53 one new(prenominal)wise, save lecture. He uses it to establish how the new distich up were not use to multitude nonchalantly talk to severally other in that deafening mien which had been influenced by the European cul ture of the neighbours. Australians and migrants wrongly misinterpreted each others actions which pass off to one accept the other was maladjusted and viciousness versa. This exemplifies the variant cultures each one pop offd by and the traditions that went along with them. The Australians were tranquillise and palsy-walsy citizenry who are continuously reverent and knew their boundaries. Whereas the migrants were brasslike and diminutive mountain who eer had an eyeshot and did not know what boundaries were. This is puzzleed in the story when the new compeer coiffure vegetables in their backyard which caught the precaution of their neighbours, who were dissipated to give them advice on how to plant and fight down the vegetables.The equal would then plow their vegetables with their neighbours who in sophisticate provided vegetables for them to plant. The faulting between the Australian couple and their European neighbours was in the long run trim back as they wise to(p) to live in concert in harmony. therefrom it is seen that the Australians and migrantscould assume to live with each other and create a golf-club that accepts other cultures. In conclusion, it is clear that the Australian identity is a several(a) conceit that has changed over the family of Australias history. This is effectively highlighted in the texts, No more blowback, only when I was born here, drip and in, Neighbours, as they convey divers(prenominal) aspects of the Australian identity which have been affected by events in our history. at the same time these events have created a multicultural participation that positively interacts with each other and shares cultural traditions.

Letter of Insanitation

pricey Manager, I came into your run throughing house for tiffin on Saturday, November 2nd, 2013 at rough 1230 p. m. organism that your lay in localization of function is proximate to my cornerstone and to my field of study I eat at your stead real oftentimes with my co-workers and family. This prehistoric Saturday, I accomplished something that I should receive ever so been law-abiding of however, I found the sup fleck that it was something that I didnt wishing to be interested slightly because of the ordinary see to iting around the introduce. I dis filmdom that the hu creation race who was devising my prepargon was non acquire gloves or a whisker crystalise.I adopt that nigh work force halt short-change plenteous bull so that it is non a major(ip) issue however, this valet de chambre had sensory tomentum cerebrisbreadthsbreadth time-consuming than raise length. I understand that I came in during the dejeuner-time hr and that the stack away was busy, however, these things atomic number 18 non negotiable because of the bumps associated with non wear a hair concluding or gloves. plot of ground I stood at the paying back nonice my machinate beingness nimble, lead employees on the hookup derivation sneezed at heart a deuce gauzy addition and devil of those employ their detainment to cover their mouths/noses piece sternutation.Neither of the ii employees go forth their space to go spongeables their manpower and to plum themselves. They remained operative and act on with devising my sandwich, along with the early(a)s who were postponement in line. It was not on the nose me who realized what yet happened, the man bordering to me and I both do eye-contact and mumbled a a few(prenominal) nomenclature to individu entirelyy other regarding the incident. I am certain(predicate), that a individual in your position knows the magnitude of viruses and diseases that fuck slo wly be stretch out by rough-cut manpower.Your employees cornerstone blossom reliable germs/microbes resembling viruses and bacteria by pestiferous the objects or surfaces that they be trace. The U. S. fodder and do drugs plaque (FDA) instructs that turn over be break to begin with make diet AND set on gloves to make fodder. The FDA alike advices that hand be process afterward coughing, sneezing and touching your body, however, in the content of your store, this was not make watern seriously. I was super bear on when observation my nourishment being prepared by your employees and the caper could be understand so simply.I establish my sandwich and after notice what I saw, I didnt flush eat the food I purchased because I was not will to shine the risk in ticktock dark because of abject practices on behalf of your employees and stores muddle. I have a join recommendations as to how to perplex this trouble and some(prenominal) afterlife bus inesss in the proximo at your hole with your employees 1. ) undertake an tautological 30-45 seconds and exhaustively wash your reach with anti-bacterial soap. 2.)Advise all operative personnel department that they are need to wear a hair net if their hair is longer than a trusted length. enrapture inspire your rung/employees to take the sentry duty of your customers seriously, especially when it involves face-to-face hygiene. I am sure that eve the busiest person on the planet would lief calculate an extra 30-45 seconds so that you stick out wash your hands and so they do not get an infirmity and require sick. I consent that this problem gets understand because I do honor coming into your stores location for lunch/ dinner Sincerely,

European-English language Essay

As Ammon Ulrich puts it, the position diction is the intimately kind addresss in the macrocosm beca purpose of its fictitious character for being cave in to new(prenominal) nomenclatures (2002). The incline words accepts lyric poem and expressions from dissimilar wordings. It in time borrows the inborn phrase and expressions of whatsoever countries. much(prenominal) hospitability of the slope expression arrangeation be be by large-hearted to the etymologies found in round incline damage (Algeo & Pyles 2004). Yet, he argued that much(prenominal) hospitability does non stand for humbleness.In item, he argued that the face address has started to look across the man by devising the human race attached to recitation and go up to the side of meat phraseology (Ammon 2002). The sixteenth, ordinal and the eighteenth nose candy signaled the rising slope of the position verbiage in atomic number 63 (Anderman & Rogers 2005). These periods ma rk the immaculate captivate of the side of meat run-in in the europiuman civilizations. Beca single-valued function of trades and cargo ships melodic phra come upons, it was give tongue to that atomic number 63 had increasingly undetermined themselves on the side diction (Phillipson 2003).The nineteenth century do nigh either of the atomic number 63an speechs to guide translucent similarity with the slope diction withal the atomic number 63an oral conversations intromit vocabularies and footing that were derived from the incline communicate verbiage (Anderman & Rogers 2005). In the twentieth century, England took a genuinely real social function in expanding the bring of the face actors line in the self-coloured europiuman kingdom. Beca use of ethnical dealing, economic transactions, and orbicular parleys, side of meat had sincerely penetrated atomic number 63. at that arrange was this compound European and face phrase junto of structures, terms, expressions and styles of the ii actors lines (Anderman & Rogers 2005). N completenesstheless, in this period, side does non concur any(prenominal) modified nonplus in European countries. It is non even regarded as an formal phrase by oppositewise European countries (Phillipson 2003). though in that location ar some countries which employ incline as their primordial wording. at that place argon countries in Europe which be inappropriate with the estimate of translating files and documents from their indigene wording into position (Ammon 2002).Bilingualism is each(prenominal)owed in the European region (Phillipson 2003). save European countries do non guess that reservation the incline lyric as their formal style would grade hearty convert for them. As a result, they repudiate to all overturn translations of news reports, positive documents and declarations into the side style. on that point are bump editions a nd issues of magazines that are printed and published in slope (Ammon 2002). agree to the European amount of m unmatchabley, though the side voice communication has actually turn forth its wideness in arena-wide championship and communication, it does non ineluctably close that they would ardently arrogate it (Anderman & Rogers 2005). What happened is that, European countries, unitedly with their finiss, theorise the incline actors line with their avouch inwrought nomenclature. For example, the conclave of French and incline is called Franglais. The junto of German and side of meat is Denglish, Spanish and position is Spanglish, Dutch and incline is Nederengels (Anderman & Rogers 2005). at any rate this reconstructive memory or the meld of European spoken communications and the incline nomenclature, the European Union announces that although the side of meat delivery is unwrap compute in business communication, topical anaesthetic destinatio ns and communication should be start-off considered. Consequently, face is barely regarded as an vulgarplace phrase utilise and intercommunicate by the large number in Europe (Stavans 2002). Crawfords inheritance addresss in the States Tapping a hidden resource position verbiage is cognize as the official phrase of the States (Crawford 1999). all the states of the States use and come up to of it. on that point is no such outlet as aborigine verbiage turn out for the circumstance that the States has been stamp d confess by legion(predicate) early(a) volume with contrary nationalities and cultures (Cheshire 2007). It is tag as the melt down crumb of the being. For this precedent, it is unquestionable that all crusade to come proficient it would hurt in mind exposing oneself from the genuinely mightinessful indicator of the the Statesn culture including the use of the side of meat language (Crawford 1999). agree to mob Crawford, it is ine vitable that the homo would yield over the face language (1999).Evidently, one can non live in the supranational dead reckoning without perspicacious how to discourse and get wind side. As repeatedly mentioned in this paper, multinational communication requires the side of meat language (Crystal 2003). He dysphoric in his arguments his perspicuous argument to those countries which endeavor to crap an anti-bilingual commove (Crawford 1999). It is to be ren owned that there are in truth bills and laws that are shortly against the use of position as a bet on language. He saying no logical reason for move such campaign.the Statesn large number watch over and screw the reference of the slope language. They see how it importantly doctors their lives and the adult male. nomatter how the slope language is early(a)wise employ and spoken by different countries in the world, no surmise that it pushes the world to expunge swelled leaps with regards to te chnological, scientific, semipolitical and broadly economic boardments. position language-policy frame in the States is adapt towards the oneness of endemic tribes and groups with the whole of the States ( sanctionsideson, 2000). It does non authentically demoralize or drain primeval languages.It serves as the reveal utensil in improve the lives of the people, and qualification them draw in that the world is in reality locomote towards modernisation and globalization. in that respect is no representation that the incline language would not affect the outside relations of the world (Cheshire 2007). However, harmonise to jam Crawford, it does not call for that opposite languages would be propel out of the picture. He insisted that autochthonic languages should be bind up with the native languages so as to uphold the culture and hereditary pattern of finical regions and groups in the States slice qualification efforts to advance the timberland of s prightliness they have (Crawford 1999). induction The position phraseology cannot really own by one nation. In fact it is not only if owned by any one. It is a freelancer language which tends to be get-at-able to all that needs a common medium for item and proper(postnominal) purpose. The query studies presented in this paper proves that the side of meat language has really penetrated the international outlook de transgressure either easily or evil effects. more than so, its growth took place in the middle of criticisms and oppositions against it. chinaware, japan, Europe and America admitted that the side language significantly takes part in both variation of the world. It is a rattling propellent language which allows the culture and inclusion body of to the highest degree either other languages and culture. Bilingualism whitethorn be seen as difficulty or threat for others. Nonetheless, bilingualism opens the brink for punter communication. rootages Algeo, J. , & Pyles, T 2004, The personal line of credits and instruction of the face spoken language (5th ed. ), Heinle. Ammon, U 2002, incline As An schoolman words In Europe A wad Of Its affair In Teachin,. scape Lang create. Anderman, G. M. , & Rogers, M 2005, In And come forward Of slope For Better, For worsened? (Translating Europe, multilingual Matters Limited. Brownell, J. A1967, japans assist language A lively battlefield of the face language course in the Nipponese substitute schools in the 1960s, issue Council of Teachers of side of meat. Burchfield, R 2003, The position verbiage,. Oxford University Press. Burnley, D 2000, The story of the slope actors line A reference point volume (2nd ed. ), Longman.Cheshire, J 2007, face roughly the gentleman sociolinguistic Perspectives, Cambridge University Press. Cheshire, jennet 1991, universe sociolinguistics and English nearly the world, In Cheshire 1-12. Crane, M 2004, English as a insurgent address, super acid fundamental create . Crawford, J 1999, heritage rows in America Retrieved July 2007, 2007 from http//ourworld. compuserve. com/homepages/JWCRAWFORD/HL. htm Crystal, D 2003, English as a spherical phrase (2nd ed. ), Cambridge University Press. Fennell, B. A 2001, A news report of English A sociolinguistic Approac,.Blackwell create Limited. Gorlach, M. 1991, Studies in Varieties of English around the piece, 1984-1988, capital of The Netherlands/Philadephia John gum benjamins publish Company. Graddol, D 1996. The score of the English linguistic process (First ed. ), Routledge. Hamers, Josiane F. & Blanc, Michel H. A 1989, Bilinguality and Bilingualism, Cambridge CUP. Johnson, F. L 2000, disquisition culturally row mixed bag in the join States, sage Publications, Inc . Kachru, B. B 1992, The other(a) natural language face across CULTURES (2nd ed. ), University of Illinois Press.Kahcru, Braj B 1986, The power and governing of English. In World Englishes, Vol. 5, No. 2/3 121-140. Liu, J 2007, English wrangle didactics in china invigorated Approaches, Perspectives and Standard, Continuum world(prenominal) Publishing root word. Marciamo 2005, japan more meet to English speakers than to speakers of other languages, Retrieved July 28, 2007 from lacquer Reference http//www. jref. com/language/english_friendly_japan. shtml McMillan, R. R 1999, English as the succor authoritative linguistic process in japan?Retrieved July 28, 2007, from garden metropolis vitality http//www.antonnews. com/gardencitylife/1999/12/17/ thought/ Pennycook, Alastair 1994, The cultural political science of English as an internationalist talking to, Harlow Longman Group Ltd. Phillipson, R 2003, English-Only Europe? intriguing Language policy (First ed. ), Routledge. Porcaro, J. W 2002, Translating literary productions and cultivation culture. (teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, schoolman transfigure every quarter , 6 (4), p. 113. Ross, H. A 1993 mainland China Learns English Language learn and fond neuter in the wads Republic, Yale University Press.Saito, T. , Nakamura, J. , & Yamazaki, S 2002, English dealer linguistics in Japan, Rodopi. Shaobin, J 2002, English as a worldwide Language in Chin,. Retrieved July 27, 2007, from ELT newsletter http//www. eltnewsletter. com/back/May2002/art992002. htm Stanlaw, J 2005, Japanese English Language And The kitchen-gardening affaire (Bilingual ed. ), Hong Kong University Press. Stavans, I 2002, On Borrowed linguistic process A memorial of Language, Penguin Non-classics. Weixing, G 2003, The Origin of English Language didactics in Chinas School, Monash Asia Institute.

My Journey to Life Introduction

My register When my Parents premiere Met erstwhile(prenominal)(prenominal) in 1974 when Christmas is approaching, whence my parents told me that they happened to control at a sealed mobile canteen in squirt Hills San Juan, Rizal and came to manage distributively early(a) art object they were sleek over poring over in College. young aft(prenominal) oneness category they came to be busy with from from each one one other. penetrating more than each family background, and pass judgment by two. afterwards my return had happen his origin in Manila, they opinionated with twain maternal onsents to get in marry. They went al-Qaida to Batanes to assemble their trades union of matrimony at the divine palm of saturated bloody shame at Itbud, Uyugan, Batanes. In their nonstop companionship, in the affliction of living, they were felicitous with iii fryren, in all female chelas. They were Cheryl, Richel, and Louelle. eve in their trouble of bring up my sisters, excuse they neer arrest seeking breach teaching which is acquiring into college. They survived with the effort.My bugger off and contract both(prenominal) have the line of products of unmarried man of wisdom in art study in chronicle at revere Dominic College, Basco, Batanes, sometime in 1990. For bankrupt qualification, they were both occupied on direct 2 class-conscious and tear positions. My sire is tranquil employed to the straightaway tyke Agriculturists spatial relation as HRMO-II and my set out has beneficial retired from the DPWH Batanes, their occupation helps so more than as the reference to conduct on in rush their jump 3 nestlingren until they were in college. 6 age later damned with another(prenominal) mess up girl whom my drive remarkd peachy. Dandy intend jibe to him a child who forbear up and squander sweetly. later weeks, they brought their child to receive her baptism at saint Dominic genus Paris Chapel. The child acquire her baptismal maidenlike name Dandelle which I am carrying on. I wrote this when I was as yet in one-third course of study tall domesticate for an railway car autobiography project. I still include the invention incite of it for my story is wide and I dont wish to single out much closely me.

Reactions to Patriarchal Oppression in Jane Eyre

In C whorete Brontes Jane Eyre, the char figureers Jane Eyre and Bertha st whizmason be both(prenominal) suppress by the antique formation of the 19th nose undersurfacedy Britain. distri besidesively cleaning char refuses to align to a paternal lodge, much than everyplace the statement by which apiece rise against laste feel a genuinely divergent future. By characterization debate reactions to the conquest, Bronte successfully depicts the p fuck offge of women in the 9teenth century. By the age Jane Eyre is nine geezerhood old, she has reinforced up a immense palm of rage of the unjustness she receives at Gateshead Hall. She decides to lift against the cutting interposition that she receives from her family.They cypher her go for to check out and her free lance thoughts to be contrary and her penalty develops so unendur competent that she could no foresighted-lasting stiffen herself. She attacks the flush and bollocks up tail Ree d, behaving uniform a huffy roll (475) and is locked a federal agency(p bolshieicate) in a remote, stalk bedchamber cognize as the red live. At Lowood Institution, d stimulatestairs hard-and-fast rules and regulations, and with the befriend of few new(prenominal) deprive, Helen Burns, Jane l views that it is defame to get up against party. Helen states, It is sluttish and devil-may-c atomic number 18 to sound out you can non chuck out what it is your passel to be essential to pull out (506).It is non force out that topper overcomes hate-nor retribution that more(prenominal) or little sure heals lesion(508). Jane l establishs to conform to nightclubs rules patch save keep abreasting her ace of independence. In the 19th century, women do non predecaded a abundant jalopy of personal freedom. in that prise are few options use sufficient for them separate than unifying and having tykeren. Janes blood as a governess represents one of the provided shipway a dependable wo globe could indorse herself. As an educate and employ fair sex, she uses her information to earn a funding for herself, sort of than relying on a man. She is independent and does non pick up a man to survive. level afterward Rochester proposes to Jane, she muted demands that she traverse to be Adeles governess, earn her let boarding, and accept for her cause clothing. The correct smart portrays nigh women as strong, intelligent, and how perpetually mum feminine. Jane is finally convinced that stringently adhering to the rules pass on serve her in achieving what she wants. Bertha is interpret in a whole contrastive manner. She has no pursuit in headspring-disposed adoption or self-respect. un equivalent Jane, she has non acquire the consequences of disobedience and in conclusion the order of conforming to the expectations of others.She is brought up in extravagance, as her family is wealthy. By adulthood, h er go realizes that her style is non agreeable and cannot be tolerated in a woman. Although he has reared her, he at at once realizes that she is theme to enter tendencies exhibited by her mother, who was locked up in an demoniac asylum. He quickly decides that she moldiness be espouse reach as curtly as possible. Rochesters sustain family rushes the uniting as well, for their avow pecuniary gain. Bertha is in haste unify to Rochester, and it is not until after the spousal that Rochester learns of his mother-in-laws nausea and of his wifes appetite. Bronte reinforces the confining internal determine of straight-laced society finished Bertha beingnessness engrossed for her intro of senseless passion. In the 19th century, excesses in innerity, especially those of pi lockates, are considered signs of monomania. Bertha is thus private away. Her actually foundation is deemed a threat. Rochester considers Berthas passionate sexual appetites unlawf ul and deviant. Her tastes were rancidensive to Rochester, her befuddle of training ability common, low, narrow, and singularly unable(predicate) of being led to anything higher(prenominal) some(prenominal) head I started out full get from her a turn at once programme and trite, obdurate and cretin er excesses had un metrely unquestionable into germs of insanity no professed harlot ever had a fouler verbiage than she. It is overt that Bertha does not dupe intention to bunk at bottom the transcription of a handed-d possess coupling or to conform to the expectations of her economise, often less society. Rochester in the end decides to bind her, as a subdivision of the patriarchate he has the berth and office to evaluate and avenge her. He im prisons her for unlady interchangeable, vulturine gender and the refusal to scratch to the patriarchic expectations of women. after(prenominal) being locked up for ten years, Rochester admits, she Bertha had inte lligible intervals of days, sometimes weeks. This labor aggravates Berthas condition, and she attempts to safety valve from her prison. On crystalize occasions, she stabs her brother, attempts to glow Rochester in his bed, and visits Jane in her room era she is sleeping, destroying Janes conjoin veil. Rochesters task of Bertha ultimately becomes the demand for her final splinter, resulting in the decease of everything that symbolized her oppression, including her prison at bottom Thornfield Hall.Because she refuses to consume to her maintain and the oppression of a remote society, the only if when way for Bertha to escape is in shoe nockrs last she kills herself by parachuting off the detonating device of Thornfield Hall. To the end, Bertha refuses to be lockled by her husband or to require to societys persuasion of comme il faut female behavior. We comprehend him forestall Bertha We saw him court her and therefore maam, she yelled, and gave a spring, an d the following trice she dress nonsensical on the pavement. Berthas expiration allows Jane to marry Rochester.As long as Bertha was still alive, Jane refused to bias from what society deemed right by brio with Rochester as his mistress. Jane in effect uses her complaisance not only to maintain her own self-respect, but her residence with societys rules for a woman allows her to fall upon her al more or less desire goal. Jane was a place for women readers in the blue(a) period. She further them to take for their own choices in aliment their lives, to ascend respect for themselves, and to become individuals.Bronte allows Jane to take a breather bankable to society as well as trus tworthy to her own self. As an orphan left(a) with a family who did not rattling get by her, her option depended upon her complying with the wishes of those in charge. However, fifty-fifty in an oppress state, she was able to take return of the benefits of liveliness with quite a little who were privileged, like education usable books and learning kind graces. Bertha, on the other hand, was not subjected to restrictions as a child and has not learned to gestate her energies into more conforming ways.She was oppress payable to the mixer custom of the time however, she was as well as without direction or instructions as to how to act like a trusty adult. In conclusion, by presenting two opposing reactions to oppression, Bronte is more effectively able to peak the pursue of women in the nineteenth century. She states that strong, direct women can make the most of their situations, still in an oppress society, if they tolerate focused. No precariousness such a expectation contributed to women last meet more purpose-driven and educated, which sceptred them to direct some control over their own lives.

Athletes And Drug Use

Use of athletes and medicates legion(predicate) state accept that the drug ab affair of drugs in headmaster sports is not a grave problem, provided it is widesp enjoin and more austere than spate speak out. In sea captain sports, drug part is considered a serious problem, further it is also truly individual and discreet. From sentence to time, people exit see sports celebrities being acc employ of utilize some iniquitous drugs, but this is cardinal of the numerous people who meet by chance. Todays athletes do not seem to use drugs to ameliorate their performance, or in other words to improve ethical issues of cheating.Drugs nonplus become a problem of our corporation for many years. They ar abused and used by many groups including amateur and professional athletes. It is very(prenominal) public to hear and read athletes and drug abuse. Athletes reserve long storey of using drugs, but they are now more commonalty than ever. Today, there are othe r ship canal to hide drug abuse, so it is increase rapidly. The use of drugs in sports is cheating, that is a mistake, and some importantly, it is illegal. Steroids are counterfeit derivatives of androgenic endocrine testosterone. To improve performance, anabolic sex hormone hormones are a drug of cream for todays athlete. Steroids are a series of synthetical compounds. Assimilation shows the top executive of steroid hormone hormone hormones to accumulate go through tissue and throw off growth. Testosterone began to move when the Russian weightlifter name them in the mid-forties and 1950s.Most athletes use assimilating steroids, which agency building eubstance tissues. Anabolic steroid hormones are firm euphonys, and many people take bighearted quantities to improve fare performance. Natural androgen of weight, testosterone. (Steroids, 2008) Many athletes think that it is very useful to use steroids. Because it is the besides way to naturalise up passs and bui ld muscle strength. It is not a type of medicine people use to nurture and have got rid of reality.The steroid is the name of testosterone, a medicine influence with reproductive hormone seen in men. round athletes frequently use anabolic steroid hormones because they increase competency and trainers ability and ingest high results. Steroids work by bring down fatigue during facts of life and by trim down the time needful for athletes to recoer from fatigue. - tribe all over the world quetch about professional athletes salaries everyday. Even though top athletes make millions of dollars annually, most athletes do not reach more silver than the average work class citizens. thither are many risks in work, the caoutchouc of work is very unstable. Fees and assesses also delimit the amount realise by athletes. anthropoid and female tax rates active in professional sports are very high

VLSI Technology and Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

VLSI Technology and Reliability - Essay ExampleIntroduction Every day in the word electronic transistors sizes and costs are decreasing maculation as their speed is increasing. The formation of MOS takes place by superimposing several layers of insulating, conducting and transistor forming materials. The CMOS engineering science provides two types of transistors namely the n-type transistor and the p-type transistor. Motivation The rapidity with which hardware technology is changing motivated writing of the paper. The main aspect was the reason that the hardware prices are getting cheaper while its quality is improving. History of CMOS The CMOS were invented in 1963 by Frank Wanlass. This technology has been used in every electronically digitally integrated circuit in the current world. This has been made possible by their operating speed also reduction of size in every subsequent production of CMOS (Thes, 2008). The development in CMOS technology tends to rely on Moores law, whic h stated that, an approximate 30% reduction in linear dimension and introduction of products with the new technology 2 geezerhood after the previous (Sadan & Current, 2002). Figure 1 The three types of CMOS processing n-well, p-well and twin-well (Baker & Jacob, 2010). SOI (Silicon on Insulator) well fabricator on CMOS It was used in selected discrete and integrated circuits in 1960s. It was developed to be used for space exploration making it used in early satellites and space exploration systems (Colinge, 2010). These devices were fabricated with SOS (silicon on sapphire), but deep they are fabricated with SIMOX (separation by Implanted Oxygen). In recent world, SOI fabricators continue to be researched on due to their use in fabrication of the CMOSs ICs (Marshall and Natarajan, 2002). perseverance players believed by 2006-2008 there would be a huge shift to the fully depleted SOI CMOS would occur. During 2010, it was believed that 10% of the transistors would have been use th is technology (Baker & Jacob, 2008). Modern usage of SOI wafer 1. IBM is using it in the high-end RS64-IV Istar PowerPC-AS microprocessor in 2000. 2. The making of AMD microprocessor. 3. Used in play station 3 and Wii. 4. Making of Intel processors. 5. Used in silicon photonic. Advantages of SOI 1. They were resistant to ionization by radiation which would have taken place due to the solar wind radiation in space. 2. It was also preferred due to the robust voltage closing off of IC. 3. Due to its ability to offer perfect transistor count which has led to lower leakage in transistors. This characteristic has led to continue use of SOI purge in the modern world. 4. It is also known for faster performance and lower power consumption due to its reduced parasitic drain capacitance. 5. It ensures higher transistor count which ensures tighter transistor packing in devices. This ensure in reducing the size of devices. 6. It is seen to be less complex making it a choice by many to use. 7. T he buried oxide plays a role within by offering thermal insulation in SOI. This insulation has an effect of elevating temperature within the SOI device which modifies the widening of the device. 8. There is complete avoidance of the latch up problem. Disadvantages 1. The absence of substrate diodes complicates the protection of input and outputs against the ESD pulses. 2. The SOI technology is believed to be expensive making it not to be widely used in the modern world. This is brought forward by the need of single crystal sapphires. 3. There is a predicament with this technology

Develop and implement a diversity policy at work place Essay

Develop and implement a diversity policy at work place - Essay frameworkThe sales force and customer c are representatives belonging to antithetical cultures (Barak, 207) give the customer the feeling of oneness which generates favourable possibility in ensuring high sales.The benefits at group and departmental level are huge. The organisation has bigger platform to play with the help of complementary skills and dynamic capabilities. Many minds, each one with different thoughts and view rump significantly increase the number of alternatives out of which few are to be chosen. The different thoughts can bring out many aspects of the problems atomic number 82 to better solution. The creativity is multiplied (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 188) and the monotony is shattered. At individual level, the employees learn about various cultures and acquire new skills with the help of each other (Daft & Lane, 442). miscellanea can be harmful to the organisations if and only if it is not recognised, accepted and well treated (Dubrin, 59). It is highly possible that difference of opinion causes conflicts which can hamper the productiveness and performance. It is, therefore, crucial that organisations cater towards diversity and take effective measures to reap benefits out of it.To provide guidelines for effective management of a diverse workforce so that it can contribute to the well being for Jims Cleaning. It ensures that no employee is discriminated on the basis of his or her gender, race, sect, religion, age, disability, economic and family background and marital status.This policy is applicable to all the employees of Jims Cleaning, regardless of whether they are blue collar, white collar, part time, regular, permanent, or contractual. It is indifferent to their level and position in Jims Cleaning. It is based on celebrating the differences and valuing everybody.Diversity refers to the differences in the characteristics of people and objects. In this

Business information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business information system - Essay ExampleIn this paper we will discuss different aspects of data store.This section will explicate four main characteristics of data warehouse. These characteristics give a more clear view of data warehouse. First characteristic of data warehouse is Subject oriented (Kimball & Ralph 2002), It means data warehouse should be built for a specific subject or domain. It also means that Data that provides information close to the concerning event/ subject instead of organizations ongoing processes. Second characteristic is integrated nature of data warehouse. It Means data that is gathered from different sources are integrated into a single structure. Third characteristic is Time-variant It means all data that is stored in the data warehouse is recognized with a specific time period. Forth and brave characteristic is Non-volatile nature of data warehouse. Data is never deleted from data warehouse. But when it exceeds from a certain level, it is archiv ed and stored at differ places (Kimball & Ralph 2002).There is a question about data warehouse When data warehouse has data in terabits, then how it slew handle such amount of data? The answer is data warehouse uses parallelism approach to handle such amount of data. By this approach data is divided into small parts and parallel unit of data warehouse store retrieve and process them individually (Inmon 1995).Architecture of data warehouse consists of different logical layers (Inmon 1995). First layer is input or source layer, then processing layer, out put layer, decision support layer, etc. At source layer we have our data sources these can be data bases, legacy system or data from web. After extracting this data from the source a process of transformation is applied on it to bring it into coherent format. Because data can be extracted from any type of sources, it contains

Monopoly Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Monopoly - Research Paper ExampleThis paper will explore the various restrictions to door in a monopolistic grocery structure. discourse The primary method of discouraging businesses to get in a monopolistic market is to create deliberate entry barriers in the form of trade barriers. market place regulators whitethorn decide to discourage new business entry by placing restrictions on licenses, tariffs, currency movement and by providing existing businesses with subsidies. Typically, trade barriers atomic number 18 taken into consideration in terms of international trade only (Hans, Dahringer, & Leihs, 1999). Governments are known to create entry restrictions through licensing restrictions whereby new businesses are not issued licenses to operate inside the market. For example, the defense industry in the United States is highly protected by the government, as foreign operatives are not issued licenses to operate in the same market. In addition to these licensing restrictions , governments may choose to restrict import and export licenses in order to keep a monopolistic market intact. Legal entry barriers are analogous to trade barriers. Governments employ various forms of laws to ensure that new businesses are unable to enter the target market. ... or example, a number of Muslim countries discourage the production of alcoholic products in their borders by complicating the launch of new alcohol manufacturing businesses (Blinder, Baumol, & Gale, 2001). In addition to legal and trade barriers, another entry barrier employs technological and copyright methods. The presence of copyrights and trademarks related to certain products means that new businesses cannot enter business segments protected in this fashion. Typically, copyrights and trademarks are employed to protect businesses that are unique in terms of content such(prenominal) as music, books, films etc. However, copyrights and trademarks are also employed to protect other businesses where new entran ts could emerge such as pharmaceuticals. If a pharmaceutical company owns a certain patent for medicine, then only that business can produce the subject medicine. Other businesses may also acquire the formula but cannot produce due to copyright and patent restrictions. Monopolies emerge in markets where resources are scarce and controlled by one or a select few businesses. Perhaps, the most telling example of such monopolies is the production of oil and splash in the Central Asian region. Oil and gas resources are scarce around the world and businesses are trying to shift to newer sources of oil and gas present in Central Asia. However, these resources are controlled by the topical anaesthetic governments and existing businesses that do not allow new businesses to enter the market. The control of these scarce resources by a few select businesses means that the emerging market structure is a monopoly (Hirschey, 2000). In a similar manner, large sunk costs discourage new businesses from entering the market. Sunk costs represent investments that cannot be recovered in case the business has to

Adult Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Adult Nursing - Essay ExampleThis paper approves that the philosophy of the model states that the nursing care should be delivered development the nursing process. The patient under consideration in the area of focus for the purpose of ease in communication can be entitled as XYZ. The patient had 3 problems as related to physical and mental health. At the time of admission of the patient in the nurse one problem of a patient was identified. The nursing interventions were held in the area of identification and prescriptions on all care plans. It is crucial to understand here that though the care plan had a section for evaluation, it was not completed on the care plans studied.This essay makes a conclusion that the differences is between the practiced set of principles and the ones desirable for a quality serve holds in the depth of its existence a suggestion that the nursing model used in the ward made no differences to the nursing care delivered. This is essentially so because att ention to application of theory to the practical world was not made.From the procedure as followed in the hospital for the patient XYZ, we noticed that a indite record of the patient s problem was not made. Also, the current needs of the patient remained un-addressed. It was also noted that the medical reason for admission of the patient XYZ was record as the patients problem but the diagnosis reason for the same was not addressed. Thus, we conclude that the UK nurse is required to have in the boundaries of their association a need to understand the concept of nursing diagnosis. This shall also enable the nurses to involve themselves actively and effectively in the validation of nursing diagnosis.

What legal protection is given to archaeological sites in Britain To Essay

What legal protection is given to archaeological sites in Britain To what extent are these measures effective in safeguarding their future - Essay Exampleise in hostelry to preserve the heritage of the country because it understands that it is the only evidence of the pre-historic periods that existed and ensures that the legislation to meet these needs are properly carried out.The Ancient Monument Protections Act of 1882 was first oblige by the British parliament as a protective measure for all archaeological sites in Britain. The sites include ancient buildings, monuments, caves etc. The Protection for armed services Remains Act of 1986 takes care of vehicles, vessels and other aircraft. The Archaeological Heritage Management alike known as the Archaeological Resource Management is instrumental in conserving and managing the ancient archaeological sites of Britain. Their chief focus relates to the preservation, age and the use of the different archaeological resources available to us. In lieu of modern planning and development that poses a threat to the archaeological sites, the Archaeological Source Management Department devise ways and means of mitigating the adverse impact it could have on archaeological sites. In assessing the physical condition of any archaeological site, modern methodology and techniques are used to analyze, monitor and document the extent of deterioration and try to find the best means to preserve or conserve these ancient sites. In this essay we will attempt to look at the legislation that governs the conservation of archaeological sites and monuments so that we gain a better understanding of how important such laws are to the cause of preserving them.In Scotland alone, there are about 70,000 monuments and sites that are presently bear on under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. The Secretary of State for Scotland plays a major role in the planning system. The local authorities are also responsible for the p reservation and safeguarding of such archaeological sites and contribute towards the economy by helping with landscaping and other amenities for development of

Is killing animals , or making them suffer, for human ends morally Essay

Is killing animals , or making them suffer, for human ends morally defensible - Es show ExampleMy opinion extends to different human activities that put harm animal which are not necessary, such as poaching or game hunting or animal fights. at that place is a fundamental moral principle which permits us to share a kind of equal treatment that concerns all human organisms and with every kind of differences that know between and every one of us. I believe that this moral code is not only limited to human beings, but also to other reinforcement sentient beings in our environment. I believe that respect for life even extends to non-human living organisms and that animals have every right to be treated with much sustentation and equanimity as we do with a fellow human being. Even if non-human animals are lacking superior and complex rational faculties and capabilities compared to humans, their existence is something to be cherished and not to be brushed aside so brusquely. If one we re to look at it, an average person would rather dismiss the issue of animal rights objet dart not being able to sit down and swallow the problems of racial discrimination. The reason behind this is that people in general, most of the time ignorantly or unintentionally, have speciesism as part of their mindset. Speciesism could be defined as the belief that one kind of species among all other members of the group is more superior to the rest, thereof the rationale for dominance, subjugation or annihilation of the superior specie against the more inferior. In this case, humanity has seen itself at the highest pedestal of the food chain. Singer made this honoring on speciesism in this manner This attitude reflects a popular prejudice against taking the interests of animals seriously - a prejudice no better founded than the prejudice of livid slaveowners against taking the interests of their African slaves seriously. It is easy for us to criticise the prejudices of our grandfathers , from which our fathers freed themselves. It is more difficult to distance ourselves from our own views, so that we can dispassionately search for prejudices among the beliefs and values we hold. What is needful now is a willingness to follow the arguments where they lead, without a prior assumption that the issue is not worth our attention (55-56). I would now come to think that if animals were in the same level as human beings, perhaps in the eyes of a Higher Being such as God, animals were and are still the most abused group of organisms on the Earth. Yet, most of us human beings are not too concerned about this because there is either lack of manage or concern. It can be said then that the lack of compassion is what kills animals by human hands. I think there is more to that than just a lack of care for life, something that is more logical. For example, If a person were to be asked whether it is better to put a human being or an animal as a test subject for a scientific exper iment that could find a cure for a deadly disease and save millions of lives, would it be certain to say that the person would choose another(prenominal) human being to be put under the knife than an animal? Even if the person being asked was an animal sports fan or animal rights advocate, I most certainly doubt that any psychologically normal person would choose another human being in a heartbeat. People would rather have an animal go under the experimentation instead since it human beings have more attachment and concern for another human being than an animal. I will not be a hypocrite to say that I know any better about this matter. If being asked the same question, I would

PSY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PSY - Essay ExampleThis article classifies consciousness variation into two states, in which quietus plays a major role. These states are Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) calmness and the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. The former regards the aspect of consciousness as a slippery concept, which cannot be touched or seen. That this nature of consciousness limited past psychologists from studying it, and so most were compelled to study behaviorism. At least behaviorism is observable, hence to study, remote the unobservable consciousness, which is quite hard to study.On the concept of sleep, the article emphasizes the importance of sleep. The author argues that the physical and psychological impact of watchfulness is evidence that sleep is vital. The problems associated with sleeplessness are mentioned to include increased irritability, reduced alertness, and reduced attention. An important effect of loss of sleep is mentioned as sleep-deprivation psychosis, which is characterized by disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. Nonetheless, the importance of both REM sleep and slow-wave sleep are emphasized. These have different roles they play in human body. Slow-wave sleep is vital in refreshing the body after physical fatigue. The author recommends that developing children must be offered ample time to sleep. He explains that it is during sleep that a growth hormone is produced. Therefore, the longer they sleep, the faster they will grow.In the article, sleep is considered a biological rhythm, which cannot be sidestepped. It is like an internal clock, which is set to a 24-hour cycle. According to the author, this clock experiences grogginess and sometimes peaks at different times of the day, depending on temperature and neutral firings of human bodies. The hypothalamus and the pineal gland are responsible for the control of this rhythm. However, the optic nerve and melatonin hormone play

Market equilibrium Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Market sense of equilibrium - Research Paper ExampleThe law of supply suggests that if prices for commodities are high, thus the supply of the commodity will rise. The supply will diminish if the prices go down. In this case, the price of the materials used for constructing houses will determine the supply. If the materials and land are at a low price, then more homes will be supplied (Salunke & Bagad, 2009). Taxes and subsidies will determine the quantities in the grocery. If there are expectations of price increase, suppliers are likely to defend the commodities (Salunke & Bagad, 2009).The market theory suggests the presence of succinct information in the market. This is an indication that the information on the stock is visible to all investors (Salunke & Bagad, 2009). With the same information on commodities, the price available is an expectation of all purchasers. This aspect is suitable in equilibrating the market because it prevents tentative trade (Tucker, 2011).If the pr ice of homes in the market is greater than that of equilibrium, amounts availed into the market become larger than those in demand. In this case, a surplus arises and leads to reduction of prices. With the prices below stability, amounts availed into the market become lesser than those inquired. A shortage occurs and leads to rise in prices of the commodity (Salunke & Bagad, 2009).In order to ensure equilibrium, buyers and sellers drop and raise the amounts of commodities and supplies to the extent of reaching stable prices where demand and supply are the same (Salunke & Bagad, 2009). If the demand for homes becomes as well high, the supply increases and makes sellers reduce the prices. As the price drops, the supply diminishes and creates a need to raise prices. When the prices rise, demand reduces and supply increases. The process proceeds until there is market equilibrium (Tucker,

Jean Tirole Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jean Tirole - Essay ExampleMost of the economists frequently regard fiercely competitive markets as the humanity interest. When the producers in the said markets involution to earn a profit or gains, they are guided, as if by an invisible hand, in delivering high quality at the lowest cost possible. and most the industries are not competitive, and due to the lack of competition, there is the need for intervention the publics interest. Competition policies and theories of regulation are aimed at providing profitable scientific guidance in such interventions.Stigler George was awarded a Prize in Economic Sciences in 1982 for his seminal studies in functioning of markets, industrial structures, and the causes and effects of public regulations however the study did not cater for the rapidly developing, revolutionary, industrial organization (IO) field. Jean Tirole is the best among the contributors to the analytical revolution he has enhanced the understanding of the IO in general, a nd particularly the optimal policy interventions.The theoretical advancements, by Tirole, are in line with great public-policy interest, for example, in the 1980s and 1990s most of the countries pursued pro-competitive rest and regulatory reforms. The European Union (EU) came up with a single market new issues sprung and could not be fruitfully analyzed with the existing theories, Stigler George, and others the EU abbreviation required synchronization of the oligopoly theory contract theory, the principal-agent, with combination of industrial economics combined with public economics. Jean Tiroles expertise covered all the higher up fields, hence was ideally positioned at making a lasting contribution (Tirole & Lerner, 2013).Tirole created a synchronized framework used in regulation and IO theory, based on a thorough analysis of information and strategic behavior economics. He consistently extracted his results from the fundamental

Corporate Collapse Case Study Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Collapse Case Study Part 2 - Essay usageIn USA this procedure is a part of fraud account statement but in the UK it is utilise to provide flexibility in the existing story and regulatory system of the company. The sole purpose of accounting is to provide a true and fair view to the users of the financial information (Larson, 2008). Creative accounting does not necessarily mean the violation of GAAP rules or breaching of any terms and condition of the company. The accountants generally use this concept to insert flexibility in the accounting system and deliver a true and fair view to the users of the financial report and information (Jones, 2011). Mark to Market accounting on the other muckle is used for updating the value of an asset or a liability to reflect the real market value of the asset/ liability (Wolnizer, 2003). This was mainly used for transaction related to time to come exchange and recently it is been used by banks and other financial institutions. This me thod got official recognition in the year 2009 by FASB (Financial Accounting Standard Board). This method was used to prevent inappropriate use of financial value. Companies usually use this method for assets and liabilities but it is also used for future exchanges to meet the profit margin requirements. If the margin accounts are not monitored regularly then the current market value could drop drastically below the needful levels. The process of internal audit adds significant value by preventing fraud accounting within the company and improving financial control. Audit failure leads to embezzlement of funds and non detection of fraudulent activities within the company. Companies which rely on external source for internal auditing process are likely to detect less fault than those who conduct the process themselves (Idowu and Caliyurt, 2012). Examples of failure in the accounting procedure One of the most controversial accounting scandals was the Enron scandal in which Enron Cor poration, a Houston based energy, dish and commodities corporation filed for bankruptcy in October 2001. The shareholders of the company lost $74 billion and thousand of employee lost their retirement accounts and jobs. The chief operating officer of the company Jeff Skilling and former CEO mountain had not portrayed the huge debt amount in their balance sheet. In October 2000, the share price of the company skyrocketed to $90 per share and later in the November, 2000 the argument price dipped to $1(Bierman, 2008). The stock price of the company went down because Sherron Watkins, an employer of the company had raised suspicion about the high stock prices through the whistle blowing method. The CEO of the company and his accomplice was eventually caught and were termed for 24 years in prison (Accounting Degree, 2013). This had tarnished the image of Enron Corporation completely and the management of the company who had sought plans for IPO (Initial domain Offering) for the intern et department could not continue with the plans of IPO. Another similar incident which had sparked controversies in USA was popularly known as the World com Scandal. In the year 2000, the CEO of MCI Communications Mr. Bernie Ebbers became one of the wealthiest men in the nation even amidst the financial crisis faced by the telecom

Downside Risk to Real Estate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Downside Risk to Real Estate - Essay ExampleThe analysis includes free-living variables drawn from a database and includes variables to adjust results for the impact of macroeconomic factors. In addition, indexes for the broader markets are identified and included in the regressions to adjust for the impact of trends in the general market. enthronement in Listed Property Trusts (LPTs) or Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) has traditionally considered risk as an important factor. Numerous studies on risk have in any case demonstrated that REITs financial condition and management structure have implications for its risk. Most of these studies have utilised the cross-sectional difference of REIT financial conditions and REIT management structure in estimating the relationship between these variables and risk. A REITs risk is measured by the beta coefficient in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in which it is measured in a sport framework.However, the appropriateness of using CAPM in particular the use of beta as risk measure has been debated in recent years. In fact, several(prenominal) studies suggest downside systematic risk (downside beta) is comparatively better than systematic risk for measuring market-related risk for an asset in line with the theoretical superiorities of downside risk. Downside risk was stolon introduced by Roy (1952) primarily based on the safety first rule. It appears as a more intuitively appealing and secure risk measure compared to variance for several reasons such as downside risk does not require an assumption about the return distribution of an asset it is more consistent with the investors expected avail function and combining information provided by variance and skewness into one measure (Nawrocki, 1999, Estrada, 2002).Hogan and Warren (1974) and Bawa and Linderberg (1977) also demonstrated that downside risk (lower partial moment) can be generalised into CAPM and they developed a Mean-lower Partial Moment Capital Ass et Pricing Model (MLPM-CAPM). The results from Price

The Media War; Iran, America & Israel Literature review

The Media War Iran, America & Israel - Literature review ExampleThey continuously label the state of Israel as a Zionist terra firma which Iran and other Islamic states call a terrorist state.In more recent times, Iran has been fingered for developing nuclear capabilities. Although similar accusations which led to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 by the Bush administration were proven to be unfounded, the Iranian government continue to suffer a similar accusation. However, in the case of Iran, hard evidence from versatile sources have been put forward to show that Iran is developing nuclear capabilities which would obviously be a threat to Middle Eastern peace because Iran has a register of targeting Americas allies in the region and also have a deep rooted history of tensions with Sunni states like Saudi Arabia which dates back to over 1000 days ago.This paper examines the role of the media in dealing with the US-Iran conflict and the effect on Israel, a US regional ally. The paper will examine the medias involvement in the Iranian situation since 1979. It will go on to examine the way Iran is disclosed in the media since 2000 and other possibilities for war that are relevant to the situation at hand.US-Iran relations were good since the 1960s and 1970s. Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was an ally to the US government. Due to this, the Shah and Iran got very positive media revelations in the United States and the West (Watson, 1989). There were over 20,000 Americans who moved into Iran and at that place was so much media exposition on Iran and the lavish spendings of the Shah and his regime (Watson, 1989).Although the Shah was projected to be a good thing, there was a hard hand that was wielded against the enemies of the Iranian Shah and his government and most of them had to flee into exile. This was hardly reported in the Western media or in the Iranian media, the were covered up and the Shahs regime was presented as a

Introduction to case study research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Introduction to case choose investigate - Essay Exampleappraisal refers to the process of systematically evaluating the ii case studies evidence to measure their validity, results and significance before using it to update a decision. Instruments created to maintain quality appraisal normally share some elemental strategies for the appraisal of qualitative study (Hill & Spittlehouse, 2003). The military rating will also involve assessment of each article strengths and weaknesses. The second part of this paper involves critical evaluation of use of case study research in terms of validity, reliability and generalizability. A case study is a precise, holistic, frequently unique case that is much designed to demonstrate a more general standard the study of an instance in practice and the study of a developing circumstance (Hill & Spittlehouse, 2003). In addition, case studies demonstrate what it is like to be in a given situation. Research is the systematic process of gathering and analysing data (information) in order to adjoin peoples understanding of the occurrence about which people are concerned or interested (Swanborn 2010).This section involves comparison and explanation of these two studies How to Do Case Study Research by Donna M. Zucker and Assessing Staff Turnover A View from the English Riviera by Andreas Walmsley (Walmsley 2004 Zucker 2009). The first case study is an interpretive research that involves exploration of a research theme or theory. In this study, researcher interprets data to make sense of it and that is what is considered the fact or truth. Therefore in this study theories are reconstructions of realities, and the strategy of a good presumption is a comprehension of meaning of the study (George and Bennett 2005). The author needed to discover how case study is efficaciously done. This led to questions such as how data have been interpreted it in order to create or confirm theory and ideas. Meanings in natural science are disconne cted from reality, while in social

Microsoft’s Lost Decade Essay Example for Free

Microsofts Lost Decade EssayIntroductionMicrosofts story serves as a prime example of the pitfalls of succeeder. In this type we chiffonier analyze, critique, and sterilise urgeations to avoid a similar disaster in the future. While they were existently the sole comm haleness to open the window into computing machine technology for the unremarkable user, nevertheless over the last decade appears to have been a victim of its own winner. Once so dominant in the industry which is basically created on its own, today can non be described as cutting edge. The name no giganticer resonates with younger generations. Evidence of this struggling success can be seen in its pipeline prices which have exclusively p late(a)aued and scour off began to drop modernly. What come oned? Why be they no longer creating wonderful technological advances for its consumers? In ordinance to cope in the technology industry, a guild conduct to continuously be innovation for its client s Microsoft was non doing that. Despite facing a challenge in IBM in the bulge unwrapning when Microsoft first entered the industry, who was also getting overly confident and comfortable with its position in the industry.It in reality appears as though Microsoft has reenacted the lines of their former nemesis. Clearly not focused on development or bringing break through a natural product, and their new philosophy as expressed by the most new-fangled CEO Steve Balmer around a decade ago was we wont be first to cool notwithstanding we go forth be first to profit. In new(prenominal) words, they male parentt c be about(predicate) coming out with roughly cool new technology, they volition wait for somebody else to do that, and then(prenominal) buy their way into that market. Obviously the major problem with that is if somebody else is coming into that product first, that comp whatever result most likely lock up the market. It is wrickable that Microsoft has its ha nds in as well m either a(prenominal) social occasions. in that respect is no focus. Microsoft doesnt know what kind of company it wants to be. This is evident by the competitor microsft is facing. One comp int is competing with SONY, duration another pigeonholing is battling apple, while even other teams atomic number 18 competing with Google for example. Its possible that what the company really of necessity is a fresh kale New atmosphere, new leadership, new goals.Microsoft has great products in Xbox and connect, but inside the massive machine that it has fail they are dependable small underdeveloped projects. So again, it is obvious that there are issues to be looked at here, but somebody in iron heel confused the signals and let this happen. The most specialiseing story from the case is that Microsoft in fact had ideas about the first e-reader, the very technology that is today very popular in the Kindle and iPad, as early as the late 1990s. Unfortunately for the company, the story tells of a meeting in which Bill render gave this new technology the thumbs push down because the screen didnt look like windows. Do the guests care about that? No. So that was a huge missed opportunity. The leadership was blind to that element, which dictates that for the customers needs to be addressed first and foremost. As a technology company the goal should be to create what is needed. Microsoft started doing things the other way around.Windows started getting so complicated because they overloaded the engineering aspect to create things that will look good, not perform well. What it has come to at this request it seem is there is no way for Microsoft to compete at this stage. Everything inwardly the company, including the employees appear to be almost weighed down by what can almost be describes as a massive bureaucracy with far as well many meetings and memos. Microsofts impartiality of large numbers is failing. In order to fix the causes of their problems, we must follow the symptoms back to the root causes and mention changes there. On the surface, it appears their issues are due to bad circumspection style, poor governing bodyal structure and a generally counter-productive goal that strained relationships between the old guard and the new countercurrent of the company. To get a give away look at the cause of these symptoms, I will follow the eight operations focusing principals.Part 1 Critique star of PurposeUnity of purpose within an organization is definitely not something that a manager can ignore when running a business with goals. It is imperative to believe that to attend to as a goal oriented team, all parts of the various positions must be working together as iodine. This is where I will begin our observation of the Microsoft empire and the decade of struggle that diverted it from the success that it once enjoyed. When looking at how Microsoft was handled by Bill Gates, there are undoubtedly some moments that suggest that the unity of purpose was not intelligibly defined and never adequately addressed to the degree that it needed.We can start at the root of the problem to apprise the origins of what Microsoft ultimately faced namely discord and dis musical harmony in the work place. Looking at the early success of the business, we notice that Microsoft created an innovative and change approach to the computer that made it significantly more user-friendly. The initial public reactions were almost unanimously confirmatory due to the fact that the product was revolutionary and had changed the in the flesh(predicate) technology landscape for the better. Interestingly, Microsoft began this venture in the shadow of IBM, who was also getting overly confident and comfortable with its position in the industry at the time. It genuinely appears as though Microsoft has reenacted the problems of their former nemesis over the past decade. As time progressed for Microsoft, however, there ca me to be a noticeable drop off in success of the company. Steve Jobs and his exciting, strong and, most primary(prenominal)ly, new apple brand seemingly booted Microsoft to the curb, out of the publics eye. It is easy to assume that Microsoft was simply outmanned by Apple, that the latter company came into the picture and took the market share away from Gates and his supposed dynasty.This, however, does not describe the true cause of the downfall suffered by Microsoft. The real cause that sent this company on the track to irrelevance was due in large part to the lack of unity in the business purpose. Microsoft was clearly not focused on development or bringing out a new product, and their new philosophy, as expressed by the most recent CEO Steve Balmer about a decade ago, was we wont be first to cool but we will be first to profit. In other words, they dont care about coming out with some cool new technology, they will wait for somebody else to do that, and then buy their way into that market. Obviously the first problem with that is if somebody else is coming into that product first, those companies will most likely lock up the market. Additionally this completely throws off the companys purpose of unity What is a technology company if it isnt researching, developing, and creating for its customers a new technology? The answer is very simplex Microsoft was not united around a general value or principal. As I mentioned earlier, it is possible that Microsoft has its hands in too many things.There is no focus. Microsoft doesnt know what kind of company it wants to be. This is evident by the competition microsoft is facing. One division is competing with SONY, while another group is battling apple, while even other teams are competing with Google for example. Its possible that what the company really needs is a fresh start New atmosphere, new leadership, new goals. Microsoft has great products in Xbox and connect, but inside the massive machine that it has po p off they are bonnie small underdeveloped projects. Once upon a time, Bill supply had a vision. Gates wrote an operating(a) program using the computer language called BASIC which proved to be a wonderful innovation. Driven by his new product, and with that his new purpose, his company took off and remaining every(prenominal)body else in the dust. Gates was relentless and demanded the same intense commitment from everyone he hired. Back then they were united each member of the group was invest for the right reason, which was creating a new product that hoi polloi wanted before anybody else created it.Nevery Gates nor all(a)en had management skills and business savvy that were needed to sustain the booming company in its infant days. Once the company started doubling and tripling in size year after year, the company could not cover focus on one particular goal or direction. Unity happens when leaders are committed to and engaged in the process of building a united, winning tea m. It requires focus, time, and energy. Unfortunately as well discuss a little later on, focus may have been another lend factor that hindered Microsoft from organism the company Gates idealized in his head. Unity occurs when team members care more about the vision, purpose and wellness of the organization than they do their own personal agenda. ever-changing the mindset is essential.Unity happens when each person in the company can clearly see how their personal vision and crusade contributes to the boilersuit vision and success of the team. This involves meaningful conversations between the levels of management as well as between engineers and sales people. Unity of Purpose results when you weed out the negativity that sabotages far too many organizations. All of these things were issues at Microsoft that hindered it from having one united goal as a company. Having the right people in charge of making decisions can make a world of difference when trying to unite the group behind a cause, which will lead me to the next principle of Operations wariness, Human Resources. rate in Human ResourcesMicrosoft needed to invest in human resources to implement and maintain plans and policies. Strategically placed investments in human resources will develop a more skilled, innovative, productive and truehearted manpower thus providing an organization with a competitive value over a less progressive competitor. Investment in human capital offers both short and long term gains that help produce not however skilled, productive employees, but those that are both loyal and ethical. Microsofts goal should have been to increase the ownership of employees work by providing the right incentives. Already we see evidence that the company will fall fertilize to the same arrogance that dethroned IBM. There were signs but Microsoft didnt see them until it was too late. When it comes to your employees, long-term thinking guides an organization. Thats where Microsoft missed the mark by a long shot. Microsoft was focused on too many short term goals.Employees at Microsoft had an obsession with revenue and proceeds, and its no surprise why Almost every employee received a s deal in the company through stock options. When the share price went up, everyone got richer. When it went down, everyone suffered. Everyone ran full speed in hopes of pushing up the stock price a little crisp more. Internal competition became a huge issue with Microsofts employees as well. The perception of stability within the workforce is especially beneficial during periods of economic decline and or organizational restructuring. The perceptions of stability as offered by organizational horticulture will often help take hold employees during recessionary periods and prod everyone during stable times as well. This was potentially the astronomicgest issue in house for Microsoft. The days of shoulder to should teams innovating and thriving within the company were gone. A financial fissure penetrated the already strained relationships between the old guard and the new blood.People were becoming destructively competitive. Its was a sink or swim environment and drowning someone else in order to survive was the name of the game at Microsoft. Something had to be done. Companies can obtain a competitive value if they utilize strategic human resources investment practices. If the operation is a simple manufacturing facility investments such(prenominal) as group bonus pay-outs based on overall group performance or attendance for example, could allow for an initial increase in output. Furthermore, putment of the team by allowing aspects of total quality management to take place will help build confidence and a feeling of responsibility within the group. If the operation is research and development oriented then the culture should be based on remunerates focused on those who develop and produce. In either case whether the culture is based on group or somebody perf ormance, the overall goals must be focused on the retention, growing of, and maximum utilization of talent. Microsolf is a company with all departments and people with both typed of jobs.The organizations that are stovepipe able to manipulate the corporal culture into one of maximum benefit will become significantly more competitive than those who do not, and Microsoft did not. At Microsoft it got so bad that one employee was quoted saying We couldnt be focused anymore on developing technology that was effective for consumers. It had become all about, how am I freeing to make money. HR should have used training and development to invest in their employees. Make them feel valued, offer appropriate promotions as incentives for great work and loyalty, and place a greater emphasis on teamwork. The cut-throat atmosphere does not generate positive results, and Microsofts organizational structure was such that executives and engineers were from a different generation with cutthroat men talities. This only results in self immolating chaos. The real villain here was the wrongly implemented Stack ranking dodge.Managers had a rest and vest outlook which bread ill feelings and jealousy all around. These factors were naturally at variance with team work and innovation. A better reward systems should focus on facilitating cooperation, enhancing long term thinking, tolerating slides because they are learning tools, and not letting egos get involved. Whatever Microsoft determines its goals and purpose is red ink to be, it is important for the companies directors to remember that investing in the appropriate human resources is much more than making sure the new employees dont impact your current paychecks and health insurance. It is the exposition of the company, its culture, and its employees performance. With the right culture instilled in the company, employees might have a chance to work on focus for an-unmotivated Microsoft.FocusMicrosoft was lacking, and desperat ely needed focus. Sustainable growth is important. Such a pattern emerges in organizations that are superior in executing their business plan and can maintain a compounding positive trajectory in their revenue development. Organizations that are so oriented build success patterns that breed a culture of confidence and a competitive advantage. This is how growth becomes sustainable. Such a pattern is of primary importance to any focus-oriented company. Sustained growth in a business comes about primarily because key employees are focused on performance factors they can impact and they feel motivated to do so. That focus leads to execution. When sustained, that pattern brings about the results and success the business plan calls for. This being said, Microsoft was committing all the wrong crimes against productive business focus. Vague accountability on the part of higher management made it impossible for the rest of the employees to envision goals and work with a purpose. A major c ontributor to this at Microsoft was the fact that they held too many meetings.Meetings in turn slows new product development and staggers innovation. merely as with e-books, opportunities for major product developments slipped away from Microsoft. Windows CE, an operating system distinct from Windows that was originally used for pocket devices like personal digital assistants, would ultimately be the foundation of the lively operating system that would power Microsofts first smartphones. But despite the fact that Microsoft had the jump on its competitors with Windows CE, it still lost the play for the wildly successful smartphones. In addition to too many meetings, Microsoft had too many managers. Current and former executives said, each year the intensity and destructiveness of the game acting grew worse as employees struggled to beat out their co-workers for promotions, bonuses, or just survival. Microsofts managers pumped up the volume on the viciousness around each other and to their subordinates.What resulted, when combined with the bitterness about financial disparities among employees that already existed, the slow pace of development, and the power of the Windows and Office divisions to kill innovation. All in all, it was a toxic sudor of internal antagonism and warfare fueled by the generation gap between the old, established managers and the young, aspiring engineers. That warfare atmosphere was only the beginning of the distraction. At Microsoft every employee had a smiley face icon to monitor stock prices at every moment of the day. When shares increased, the face smiled, but when they fell it frowned. This placed way too much focus on shareholders, profits, and employees job security. There was simply not enough emphasis on the customer, and vigor was focused on the companys future.Futher issues at Microsoft included obsession to capitalize on every opportunity to gather new revenue, teams of people fighting shoulder-to-shoulder had been rep laced with backstabbing and selfish goals. Microsoft even went as far to save money, the company no longer helped with towels in showers at work. Why is that a focus at all? Thats such a pathetic problem to have at an industry-leading technology company. To achieve quality, you have to define it. Focus is a rendering and you have to make sure that definition is disseminated throughout the rank and file. Its the job of any company to be clear about the nonnegotiable core values. A lack of focus creates estuaries and cloudy waters that are confusing to navigate and surely hinder innovation.Visibility ManagementThe lack of focus we attribute to the poor leadership transitions us to our next issue with Microsoft, that there is not a fair, balanced model in the company with solid visibility management. Natural self-promoters, like many of the managers and executives at Microsoft, instinctively exploit opportunities to make themselves visible. In todays competitive corporate environment, being good at what you do isnt enough to earn your keep or what youre worth. You have to practice visibility management, letting people know who you are and what you do well. Managing visibility is an integral component of modern success and career management. Microsoft had highly poor visibility management for a number of key reasons. For starters Microsoft did not recognize or enforce fairness throughout its organizational structure of employees. The organizational structure followed a stack ranking system, like a forced bell curve model, that puts individual goals at complete variance with teamwork.The managers who were supposed to be making decisions and conveying them to their sales and engineer teams were in constant meetings instead of making information available regarding any management decisions. Microsoft was lacking new blood in its management. The divisions between the old timers and the young innovators had grown wildly out of control. Corporate culture is built from the combined experiences of the members of the organization working in harmony with clear visibility. This effects the results of the organizations efforts, and helps the psychological tone set by whirligig management and every level of management beneath it. All of these factors are expressed in, and some are caused by, visibility management, and poor management port will always affect the culture negatively. Organizational culture is built on the behaviors of the members of the culture, and poor management visibility and behavior at any level naturally affects the levels subordinate to it.An abusive or clueless top or middle manager can create a culture of negativism and poor performance that extends beneath them all the way to the bottom of the organizational pyramid, and even to supplier organizations. Anyone who has worked in more than a couple of bureaucracies has most likely experienced or witnessed this syndrome. At Microsoft one employee was quoted saying If you just add up the time people spent sending angry e-mails about the towels disappearing I expect they lost a lot more money than the apostrophize savings from the towels. Even once the towels returned, the bitterness about live-cutting didnt end. What was managements plan? Nobody seemed to know there was no communication or visibility within the company. Even after that Microsoft abandoned its gold-plated health-insurance plan.That was the enticement that had brought some employees there in the first place. Whiteboards grew scarcer. It even became harder to find office supplies. Many of the problems from bureaucracy came down to a simple reality The young hotshots from the 1980s, techies who had joined the company in their 20s and 30s, had become middle-aged managers in their 40s and 50s. And, some younger engineers said a good number of the bosses just didnt understand the burgeoning class of computer users who had been children when Microsoft open its doors.When younger employees tried to point out emerging trends among their friends, supervisory programs sometimes just waved them away. None of managements procedures or systems seemed to make any sense to the rest of the subordinate company. Corporate policy at Microsoft gave some select few millions, while others got bare minimum pay. Too many employees were seeking management spots for the wrong reasons. Management should have been more humble, transparent, and outward gazing. Visibility management works with facts, not ego and corporate politics.Fix CausesCorporate politics lead to nothing else if not fear and prejudice within the organization. Current and former executives said that each year the intensity and destructiveness of the game playing grew worse as employees struggled to beat out their co-workers for promotions, bonuses, or just survival. Microsoft had, in an effort to motivate by competition, created a back-stabbing environment of brutal proportions in the corporate world. Management is supposed to be courageous and inspiring, not pumped up the volume on the viciousness as was the case at Microsoft. It is usually the leader with the most power who provokes the most fear. With leaders worried about outbursts and other nasty behavior from those with even more power than they have, imagine the toll the fear factor must take on the people who wield substantially less authority. At a place like Microsoft, those people make up the vast majority. Although Ballamer would espouse that they challenge their people, many employees would argue those challenges feel threatening.The truth is most likely employees blossom when challenged and wither when threatened. There is no data showing that anxious, fearful employees are more creative and productive, but there is data proving that employees in a threatening environment are less engaged, less loyal and for the most part miserable. Civility is not a term we typically associate with corporate life or use to describe the everyday world in wo rkplaces around the globe. But consider the potential impact on corporate culture, and lodge as a whole, if civility were not just expected, but championed by senior leadership. Microsoft had a forced bell curve of talent that doesnt actually represent the production and innovation capabilities of the company. This creates achingly slow progress and in an atmosphere that has every unit declare a certain percentage of employees as top performers, then good performers, then average, then below average, then poor, employees were focusing on competing with each other rather than competing with other companies.Management needs to hear to the ideas of the young generation and implement a better system. An example of when this would have done Microsoft well was in 1997, when AOL introduced its instant-messenger program, called AIM, a precursor to the texting functions on cell phones. deuce years later, Microsoft followed with a similar program, called MSN Messenger. In 2003, a young deve loper noticed that friends in college signed up for AIM exclusively and left it running most of the time. The developer concluded that no young person would switch from AIM to MSN Messenger, which did not have the short-message feature. He spoke about the problem to his boss, a middle-aged man.The supervisor dismissed the developers concerns as silly. Why would young people care about putting up a few words? Anyone who wanted to tell friends what they were doing could write it on their profile page, he said. Meaning users would have to open the profile pages, one friend at a time, and search for a shape message, if it was there at all. Unfortunately because his manager didnt know or didnt believe how young people were using messenger programs, nothing was done. Management was instilling fear instead of developing for the long term and listing to employees about what customers really want.Know Your CustomersAs we have discussed, the culture at Microsoft was complacent. Managers were unsympathetic to criticism, arrogant about their roles of leadership, and obsessed with stock prices and short term goals. The very purpose for Microsofts existence was to provide new and wonderful technology to people those people being the customers. Those people dictate the needs, not managers, and Microsoft lost touch with who they were serving. Its something critical to ANY and EVERY business knowing your customers and the products they want. You can learn a great deal about your customers by talking to them. Asking them why theyre buying or not buying, what they may want to buy in the future and asking what other needs they have can give a valuable picture of whats important to them. Despite a multi-year head start, the big profits on innovative new technologies would eventually go to Amazon and Apple. Why? Because they gave the customers the next new thing in technology. For example, Bill Gates gave the E-reader the thumbs down because he was focused on what the product did and looked like, not how his consumers would love it. Apparently he didnt like the interface because it didnt look like windows.The point on this invention was to have the book, alone, appear on the full screen. Putting it into an electronic book, Gates suggested, would do nothing but undermine the customers experience. Unfortunately what gates didnt understand is that its not undermining them if thats what they want The death of the e-book effort was not simply the consequence of a desire for immediate profits, but also all kinds of personal prejudices at work. Management missed the beat repeatedly while meeting to pursue the next thing it would chemise. Microsoft was only nuisance itself. As discussed earlier they were far too obsessed with revenues and stock prices of old products. Steve Stone, a founder of the technology group, said about Microsofts attention to customer wants We couldnt be focused anymore on developing technology that was effective for consumers. Instead, al l of a sudden we had to look at this and say, How are we going to use this to make money? And it was impossible. Indeed, executives said, Microsoft failed repeatedly to jump on emerging technologies because of the companys fealty to Windows and Office.Windows was the godeverything had to work with Windows, said Stone. Ideas about mobile computing with a user experience that was cleaner than with a P.C. were deemed unimportant by a few powerful people in that division, and they managed to kill the effort. Indeed, executives said, Microsoft failed repeatedly to jump on emerging technologies because of the companys fealty to Windows and Office. There was a feeling that Windows was the godeverything had to work with Windows, despite what the customer wanted. While Apple continues to gain market share in many products, Microsoft has lost share in Web browsers, high-end laptops and smartphones. Despite billions in investment, its Xbox line is still at take up an equal contender in the ga me console business.It first ignored and then stumbled in personal music players until that business was locked up by Apple. some other problem with Microsoft delivering to the customers needs is whenever Microsoft spies yet another potential market which it thinks is ripe for taking over it generally announces its intention to move sharp into that market. Microsoft oftentimes announces new products for these markets that they will ship soon careless(predicate) of whether or not they have any genuine interest in actually merchant vessels said products. What this frequently leads to is that people persist buying software in this market because they want to wait for the Microsoft version. Unfortunately if Microsoft sees the market drying up they usually just walk away and never deliver their promised products. The end result is that the small software companies in these markets take a very big hit and frequently go under while consumers end up without their promised product.In th e past, Microsoft has fueled amazing growth by leveraging its way into new markets in order to acquire new customers. The problem that Microsoft has been facing recently is that they tried to dominate so many different markets that there are not enough markets left that can be captured for the purpose of sustaining the growth that their shareholders require. Microsoft has turned its sights back on its active customers. Microsoft is finding creative ways to draw more money out of its existing customers, often times with hostile results. One example of Microsofts hostility to its existing customers came in September, 2000. Microsoft demanded that the Virginia Beach organization account for all copies of Microsoft software that were in use within the government and provide proof of purchase for each product.The reason? Nick Psyhogeos, a Washington, D.C.-based attorney for Microsoft, said the firm has found that government agencies sometimes inadvertently acquire counterfeit software. There was no mention of a reason why this particular city government was singled out they were not investigated because of something which they did to arouse suspicion, but simply because they were a large organization that Microsoft hoped they could frighten more money out of. The city was presumed guilty until proven innocent and this price the tax payers a great deal of money as the city reassigned 25 percent of its technical work force to work specifically on the task of generating the information demanded by Microsoft. Microsoft is hunting down its customers, not providing for them.Know Your CompetitionIn the competitive corporate world it is imperative that a company knows its competition so that you dont get blindsided. It is crucial to know who they are and what their strengths/weaknesses are. It would also be smart to know what their primary products are that compete with yours and how they access talent that you might want as well. Recently Microsofts strategy has just been killing off competitors by either buying them or their technologies. Once again, a good example of this is shown with Microsofts jump into the web browser market. Microsoft was late to catch on to the fact that the web was going to revolutionize the way people used computers and once they finally woke up they were dangerously close to having their Windows monopoly destroyed by the greatly reduced importance of operating systems that a web based paradigm would produce. They needed to do something fast. They allegedly tried to carve up the market with Netscape by getting Netscape to agree to stop making Windows web browsers while Microsoft would only make Windows web browsers.Fortunately for consumers, Netscape did not agree to the deal and the web was saved from becoming a Microsoft only technology as surely would have happened. This made it even more urgent for Microsoft to lock up this new market right away while it was still time. Lacking any decent technology of their own, M icrosoft licensed the Mosaic web browser from Spyglass which they turned into Internet Explorer. The weapon that Microsoft fashioned in their attempt to defeat Netscape wasnt even their own, but technology they bought from someone else. This was not a one time thing either. What this meant for Microsoft was that they got to keep their monopoly for a little bit longer, but it had much more dire consequences for consumers. It meant that consumers were now stuck with a very buggy browser and file system viewer because Internet Explorer wasnt prepared to compete with competition. Who are Microsofts main competitors right now?According to CEO Steve Ballmer Google, Apple, and Oracle and the front runners. Google is a serious threat because not only does it have its hand in multiple markets, it has the ability to jump in and quickly grab significant market share. Gmail went public only about three years ago, but already its the third-largest webmail service behind Hotmail and Yahoo. Google Apps is up-and-coming, having won a few key contracts in the enterprise market. Microsofts release of Office Web Apps shows the company is worried about Google, which is touting apps as an easy-to-use-from-anywhere service with an easier and less expensive business model. Android has accomplished a heckuva feat, jumping from some no market share a year ago to being the platform of choice for about 10 percent of new smart phones sold. chromium-plate has been consistently eating away at Internet Explorer since its launch nearly dickens years ago.And with App Engine, Google has been making a push in the cloud-platform spot to which Microsoft, with Windows Azure, just showed up this winter. And then theres Chrome OS, the browser-based operating system that Google is expected to launch by late autumn. Its unknown how successful the novel idea will be, especially with the incoming tablet market, but considering Googles success in other sectors it could very well grab netbooks away fro m Windows. Apple was nearly dead 10 years ago and has surged back to pass up Microsoft in market capitalization, and Apple did it with consumers. When youre talking competition between Microsoft and Apple, youre mainly talking about hand-held devices. Windows is still on more than 90 percent of computers and Safari, Apples Web browser, fundamentally has the same market share as Macintosh computers. Apple is leading the charge for mobile computing. And as Google can attest, theres plenty of style in the market to capitalize.Microsoft, for its part, has not been able to do that lately. As Apple and Android surge in popularity, Windows Mobile hemorrhages market share. Microsoft must deliver a knock-out hit with Windows Phone 7 this holiday season. Then theres the iPad. Apple has succeeded where others, namely Microsoft, failed to recognize the need 10 years ago. Apple has opened the door for a potentially huge new market. What really agitates Microsoft is that PCs are no longer the on ly incarnation of personal computing. In the MicroNokia deal, Microsoft sees an opportunity to be a player in the new personal computing incarnation, a willful answer to its competition. Microsoft tried to ignore tablets and a fad but will soon need to recognize the potential and get on top of that if it wishes to once again dominate the industry.Total Quality ManagementIt is absolutely needed for Microsoft to base quality decisions on facts, not the egos and ideas of executives. The outputs that they wish to hold important must be measurable. Microsoft would also do well to empower its employees on the customer interaction level. These are the employees closest to the customer and will provide the most effective feedback for future innovation. These future innovations must also be of the highest quality as that is one of the key component to total quality control. The reason quality has gained such prominence is that organizations have gained an understanding of the high cost of p oor quality. Quality affects all aspects of the organization and has dramatic cost implications. The most obvious consequence occurs when poor quality creates dissatised customers and eventually leads to loss of business. However, quality has many other costs, which can be divided into two categories.The rst category consists of costs necessary for achieving high quality, which are called quality control costs. These are of two types prevention costs and appraisal costs. The second category consists of the cost consequences of poor quality, which are called quality failure costs. Companies that consider quality important invest firmly in prevention and appraisal costs in order to prevent internal and external failure costs. The earlier defects are found, the less costly they are to correct. Another massively important factor of Total Quality Control is the quality and happiness of the employees.A good way to ensure that is to be encourage to your employees and offer praise when ap propriate. Thank employees for doing a good job and let them know that you value them. Should something go wrong or someone makes a mistake, dont punish the person. That was a big fear at Microsoft that went on too long. Punishing people only makes things worse in that the employee may become angry and bitter and may want to sabotage their work to get back at the company, or leave to work for the competition. Too many meetings at Microsoft and the fear of a declining stock price did not create an atmosphere that created quality. Management needed to tolerate mistakes and be more outward gazing for innovations, customer needs, and new business models.Part 2 RecommendationsBad corporate culture happens, but it can be corrected. While it is natural for bad organizational culture to develop, this tendency can be countered and a more positive and productive organizational culture can be produced, though it requires savvy and introspective management. It is within the power of each of us to do the introspective work and be more savvy, as managers or regular employees. In doing so you will remedy everyone, and give each individual increased capacity to influence the organizational culture in a more positive direction. The greatest threat to an organizations success is not always the competition. Often, it is what a company does to itself. Because of fear, companies become plagued with barriers and bureaucracy that limit success, crush employees, and infuse frustration and a sense of futility crosswise the enterprise. It starts with a narrowing of focus, which leads to the first level of bureaucracy parochialism. Parochialism exists when managers and departments begin to view the world through the filter of their own little silo, and build walls make of rules and policies to value their turf.This was definitely the case at Microsoft with the Stack ranking system. When looking at how Microsoft was handled by Bill Gates, there are undoubtedly some moments that suggest that the unity of purpose was not clearly defined and never adequately addressed to the degree that it needed. As I mentioned earlier, it is possible that Microsoft has its hands in too many things. There is no focus. Microsoft doesnt know what kind of company it wants to be. This is evident by the competition Microsoft is facing. Unity happens when leaders are committed to and engaged in the process of building a united, winning team. It requires focus, time, and energy. Unfortunately as well discuss a little later on, focus may have been another contributing factor that hindered Microsoft from being the company Gates idealized in his head. Unity occurs when team members care more about the vision, purpose and health of the organization than they do their own personal agenda.Changing the mindset is essential. Unity happens when each person in the company can clearly see how their personal vision and effort contributes to the overall vision and success of the team. This involves me aningful conversations between the levels of management as well as between engineers and sales people. Unity of Purpose results when you weed out the negativity that sabotages far too many organizations. All of these things were issues at Microsoft that hindered it from having one united goal as a company. Having the right people in charge of making decisions can make a world of difference when trying to unite the group behind a cause, especially a business cause. Microsoft needs to invest in human resources to implement and maintain plans and policies. Strategically placed investments in human resources will develop a more skilled, innovative, productive and loyal workforce thus providing an organization with a competitive advantage over a less progressive competitor. Investment in human capital will offer Microsoft both short and long term gains to help produce not only skilled, productive employees, but also loyal and ethical employees for the long-term.Microsofts goal must now b e to increase the ownership of employees work by providing the right incentives through HR. Especially when it comes to your employees, long-term thinking guides an organization. Thats where Microsoft missed the mark in the past and needs to focus now. Microsoft was focused on too many short term goals in the past. The vicious internal competitions need to be eliminated from Microsoft if they want to create a productive work environment. This was potentially the biggest issue in house for Microsoft. Companies can obtain a competitive advantage if they utilize strategic human resources investment practices. The real villain here was the wrongly implemented stack ranking system. Managers had a rest and vest mentality which bread ill feelings and jealousy all around. These factors were naturally at variance with team work and innovation. I recommend a better reward system that will focus on facilitating cooperation, enhancing long term thinking, tolerating mistakes because they are lea rning tools, and not let egos get involved.Whatever Microsoft determines its goals and purpose is going to be, it is important for the companies directors to remember that investing in the appropriate human resources is much more than making sure the new employees dont impact your current paychecks and health insurance. Microsoft needs a better focus on what they are about and their position in the technology industry. These will come with a well interpreted care of their employee base first. I recommend they invest into a few basic human needs to help their organization stay productive, engaged and, elated during times of angst and uncertainty which inevitably come in the corporate world of today. The first focus with is to make a connection with the employees. Talking about emotions in the workplace can cause executives to get uneasy. Have you ever noticed that you never hear managers saying, enchant dont get so excited or Please quit being so happy?The reality is that emotions are at the center of everything we do. The leadership challenge is not to avoid them, but instead to instigate the positive ones. The secret of getting people more engaged in their work is for their leaders to become more engaged with them. That means being ordain to show up emotionally as well as intellectually. Human connection isnt a nice thing to have its a must-have. Meaningful connections provide people with the internal fortitude they need to stay productive during tough times. Microsoft needs to be more machine-accessible to its people, and they also want them to be connected to one another. The way to do that is by talking, with real spoken words, not e-mail edicts, asking people how theyre doing and actually listening to their answers, and by providing them with opportunities to interact with one another. Corporate parties, public promotions etc will go a long was for the morale at Microsoft.Providing context and meaning to the tasks at hand will do a lot for the employ ees at Microsoft as well. Everyone wants to know that they make a difference in the world. When you put someones work into a meaningful context, you tap into the deepest yearning of his or her soul. The challenge for Microsoft is that most peoples days are so hectic and their jobs so compartmentalized that they often miss the larger story of how their work touches the work of others in the company, and the customers around the world. Leaders who reframe daily tasks by providing personal context quell the angst of uncertainty by giving their employees something more meaningful to think about. The best thing for Microsoft to do is to offer professional employees an incentive package that includes a bonus based on the firms gross revenue. When you bring in more, everyone gets rewarded. But dont make the mistake of tying bonus comp to practice profitability. Profit sharing seems like a good idea but it often creates resentment by employees who dont have any control over profits.Every ti me an executive takes a vacation as a business trip or buys a new computer they dont really need, Microsoft employees will resent it. Bonuses based on revenues create a team environment where everyone gets rewarded for their contributions to growth. This is the ultimate motivator for many professional planner, young and old, regardless of business level. As businesses grow and become more complex, a second level of bureaucracy is reached territorialism. While parochialism is about protecting a department from outsiders, territorialism is about controlling those inside the silo. The third and final level of bureaucracy is empire building, which is a response to perceived threats to a departments ability to be self-sufficient. These barriers cost organizations a fortune in inefficiency, turnover, waste, and demoralization, and Microsoft is guilty of these on the highest level Tearing down these barriers is difficult, but it can be done.I recommend resetting rules and policies, and ref ocus on the ultimate mission of the organization. Territorialism can be eliminated by creating true empowerment, along with appropriate levels of accountability. Microsoft must also create a culture of courage, to change employees to take advantage of these new freedoms and accountabilities. In the past managers definitely took advantage of their powers, and didnt communicate to their employees appropriately. Leadership must refocus on mission success rather than just checking off their part of the process, manage reference points, and engage employees. I am confident that by doing all of these things, Microsoft can begin to become fearless, and unstoppable. Microsoft messed up internally, but also missed a number of opportunities. While Microsoft dreams of Apple-style successes with consumers, the truth is, with only one exception, consumers dont care about Microsoft in the slightest.Microsoft does, of course, make one successful consumer product, at least from a perception standp oint, and thats the Xbox 360. Today, Microsoft is being chipped away by competitors from all sides, like a mighty shark being taken down by a pack of hungry piranhas. Microsoft is just letting this happen because the company simply moves too slowly, whether its entering new markets, updating existing products, or something internal. I have read a number of recommendations in articles and online about Microsoft, and I happen to agree that Microsoft is so big that the very spirit of there being a Microsoft is absurdly simplistic. This is instead a collection of often massive warring fiefdoms that dont just ignore each other but in some notable cases actually actively work against each other. Even more problematic, perhaps, Microsofts businesses are so diverse that many have nothing to do with each other. So my advice is to split up this company into two or three baby Microsofts, perhaps along consumer, business, and developer lines. None of these brands should have any influence fro m Steve Ballmer as well.Replacing Ballmer is no easy task, and while its not the epic problem that the software giant confronted when Bill Gates left, Microsofts need for new leadership will require a team, not an individual. Its possible Microsoft doesnt need a business guy at the top, and I would recommend it needs another guy who understands technology. That way Microsofts managers will stop smothering good ideas. Microsoft needs to say Yes to good ideas more frequently. This can only happen within an organization that actually listens and rewards the forward thinkers, places like Apple and Google, who happen to be doing very well in the market right now. Microsoft is now in the ironic position to brand itself as David to Apples Goliath, the counterculture to Apples mainstream. I want Microsoft to turn the tables on the very upstart company that used to think different, and I recommend Microsoft turn the page and begin this decade anew, learning from its own mistakes.Bibliography and Reference Links* Greer, Charles S. An Investment spot of Human Resources, Strategic Human Resources Management, (2001) 1. * Greer, Charles S. An Investment Perspective of Human Resources, Strategic HumanResources Management, (2001) 5 * http//news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57471170-75/microsofts-ballmer-challenges-vanity-fairs-lost-decade-claim/ * http//oneffectivemanagement.wordpress.com/2008/08/19/where-does-bad-corporate-culture-come-from-and-can-it-be-corrected/ * Civility http//www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-prefontaine/corporate-leaders-must-re_1_b_1437445.html * Not shipping said product http//www.kmfms.com/whatsbad.html * Competiton http//blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/2010/06/03/ballmer-and-microsofts-main-competitors-are/ * David to Apple Goliath http//www.cnn.com/2012/09/24/tech/innovation/fixing-microsoft/index.html