Important Tips to Choose the Right Topic

Important Tips to Choose the Right TopicThe choice of research paper topics can make or break your essay. If you choose a topic that is not related to the purpose of your writing, it will be very difficult to get good grades in your essay. In this article, I will discuss the history and the importance of choosing the right topic in the context of writing an essay on history.Historical research paper topics are the same topics that appear on the history test. You need to find out the major events and a big part of history is the curriculum vitae (resume). So if you do not have a curriculum vitae then you need to get one and you will be able to write an essay on history in the class. There are several types of historical research papers like, biography, period, politics, and biographies of figures and several others.Therefore, for the purpose of your essay, you need to consider the important aspects of your topic and find out the right topic based on the type of topic. It is very impor tant to select the proper topic as many students don't know the importance of the topic so they choose the wrong subject. Research papers in history can also be written according to the theme of the class. A major problem of students is their weak understanding of the basic subject and that is why when they write a research paper on history, they often ignore the fundamental aspects of the topic.Before you find out the correct subject and historical research paper topics, you should first learn the different types of topics that are related to history. If you choose the wrong topic, it will affect the flow of your essay. Therefore, it is very important to choose the correct topic before starting to write the essay. You should also learn the importance of the history in your topic and find out the significant part of the history.When you take the history test, you need to follow certain rules so that you can finish the whole test and get a good grade. For example, the history test wi ll ask you to give an outline about your topic, but if you do not know the relevance of the topic in your history essay, you will fail the test. If you fail the test, then you have to do some preparatory activities to solve the problems. If you study the history class from the first year and complete the whole history test, then you will have a good idea about the history and you will also be familiar with the history test.On the other hand, if you do not study the history from the first year then you cannot apply the techniques of history essay topics. If you read the history book from the first year then you can apply the concepts about the history. The most important aspect of history is the curriculum vitae. It is not necessary to write a curriculum vitae in your essay.If you are aware of this fact, then you will know the importance of choosing the correct topic. There are two types of topic in history: they are general topic based essay. In general topic you can select any topi c because there is no restriction regarding the topic. As soon as you start writing a research paper, you should check all the subtopics and find out the right one and you should select the correct topic.In order to know about the right topic, you can use the internet. You will be able to find several topics for your history essay. You need to select the right topic according to the type of topic and to get good grades in your essay.

Biological Basis of Homosexuality an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Biological Basis of Homosexuality There is an ongoing debate on whether homosexuality has a biological basis or not. The search is on for the genetic, chemical, neuranatomical and functional evidence that the third sex is innate and not just a choice or entirely the product of psychosocial factors. There have been several studies supporting this theory. However, they are not without their flaws and even the interpretation of the results leave room for criticism and alternative explanations. This paper aims to examine the so-called proof of the biological basis of homosexuality. Need essay sample on "Biological Basis of Homosexuality" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The theory that homosexuality is partly genetic is based on several twin studies. It was found that there is higher concordance of sexual orientation in identical twins compared to fraternal twins (Bailey et al., 1993 as cited in Byne et al., 1994). Because identical twins have the exact DNA composition, it was hypothesized that the reason for the high concordance rates for sexual orientation is that it is directly affected by our genes. Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers:I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriendProfessional writers advise: Your Best Essay HelperOnline Essays For Sale Best Essay Writing Service Writing My Assignment Best Essay Writing Service There are some loopholes in this theory, however, as cited in the book Biology and Human Sexual Orientation (Byne et al., 1994). One is that the twins used in the studies were not reared apart. Hence, they may have had very similar childhood experiences, possibly causing them to have the same sexual orientation. For studies that did deal with identical twins reared apart, the fact remains that they looked alike and as such people around them may have treated them the same way which again leads them to have the same childhood experiences. Concordance rates only tell us the degree to which homosexuality is associated with genetics and not how genetics actually affect homosexuality. Furthermore, it was found that half of the identical twin sets did not have the same sexual orientation, therefore, if genetic does play a role in homosexuality, it is through its interaction with the environment and not direct (Byne et al., 1994). Researchers even went as far as identifying the chromosome responsible for homosexuality. In the controversial study of Hamer, et al. ( 1993, as cited in Rice, et al., 1999), it was claimed that the gene for male homosexuality is localized in the X chromosome, particularly in position Xq28. This is based on their analysis of chromosomes in families with more than one male homosexual sibling. Their study included an investigation on the sexual orientation of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives as well and found that there are more cases of homosexuality in the mothers side as compared to the fathers side, leading them to think that male homosexuality could be an X-linked trait. Indeed, molecular analysis revealed that there is an excess of allele sharing in the region of Xq28. These results were replicated in the study of 33 additional homosexual brothers (Hu et al., 1995 as cited in Rice et al., 1999). However, in the larger-scale study by Rice, et al. (1999), they did not fi nd the shared Xq28 marker. It is unclear why this is so since the sample size differ by only six people. Regardless of the reason, the disparity in findings warrants further investigations into the X-chromosome claim before making any conclusions. Scientists are now also linking homosexuality to androgen exposure early in the fetal development. The Prenatal Hormone Hypothesis is based on the assumption that the brain of a fetus has a potential to develop into a male or female brain depending on the amount of androgens it is exposed to inside the womb (Byne et al., 1994). The theory is that male homosexuality and female heterosexuality are a result of exposure to low levels of androgen while consequently female homosexuality and male heterosexuality are a result of high levels of androgen. The theory was derived from the observation in that female mating behavior such as lordosis can be induced in certain male mammals such as rats, ferrets, pigs, and dogs by reducing the amount of androgen during a critical phase in the early brain development (Adkins-Regan, 1988; Baum et al., 1990 as cited in Pinel, 2003). Likewise, male mating behavior such as mounting can be induced in the female counterparts when androgen levels are elevate d during this period (Adkins-Regan, 1988; Baum et al., 1990 as cited in Pinel, 2003). The main criticism of this hypothesis is that it may not be appropriate to generalize mating behaviors of animals to sexual orientation of humans. For one thing, lordosis is merely a reflex (Byne et al., 1994). Human sexual orientation is extremely complex, involving erotic responses, emotions, and self-identification. It is not just defined by the sexual position one assumes. The stand of Byne et al. (1994) is that it is unlikely that prenatal hormones affect sexual orientation as directly as they do mating behaviors in animals. However, it is also wrong to completely disregard the relevance of these mammalian studies, especially since the pattern is so consistent. Another chemical implicated in male homosexuality is the protein Alpha 1-Antitrypsin. In the experiment conducted by Deam et al. (1989 as cited in Wolfe, 1999) this compound was identified in the blood of 16.3% of the homosexual group and only 8.7% in the heterosexual group. Although there was a significant difference, the study did not explain how this protein affects ones sexual orientation. In addition, there was no way of determining whether this protein was really innate or was acquired through a homosexual lifestyle. In relation to the Prenatal Hormone Hypothesis, as previously mentioned, the theory is that exposure to androgens in the womb affects the subsequent development of the brain. Indeed, they found certain structural differences between the brain of homosexuals and heterosexuals. The fist breakthrough study was by Swaab and Hoffman (1990 as cited in Alexander, 2000). They focused on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. It was already established that this region is sexually dimorphic and significantly larger in men compared to women. They, however, found a clear difference between homosexuals and heterosexuals as well. The region enclosing vasopressin-containing neurons was double the size in homosexual males as compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Levays (1991 as cited in ) controversial study followed soon after. His area of focus was the interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus or INAH; INAH 3 to be exact. INAH 1 was found to vary with sex but not with sexual orientation but INAH 3 varies with both. It was found that INAH 3 is more than twice as large in heterosexual men as they are in women and homosexual men. This region is said to be responsible for the generation of male typical mating behavior (Alexander, 2000). There are, however, several faults in Levays methodology and furthermore, it does not automatically mean that the INAH 3 is in anyway the cause of homosexuality. The sample size used in Levays study was small and because they were conducted on dead bodies, it was impossible to get the accurate sexual history of the subjects. In addition, most of the subjects died of AIDS, this fact in itself a major confounding variable. Testosterone is said to alter the size of INAH 3 (Alexander, 2000). AIDS may cause testicular failure, which in turn decreases the levels of testosterone in the body, thereby possibly reducing the size of INAH 3. In addition, the effects of AIDS treatments on INAH 3 were not examined. The difference in size may be a result of either the treatment or the disease itself. Also, a difference in size does not necessarily mean a difference in function or capacity. Brains of males are generally larger than females but they are not more intelligent because female brains are denser. Alexander (2000) argued that the number of cells in INAH 3 should be compared and not the size. Another area of interest is the anterior commissure. This is sexually dimorphic like the suprachiasmatic nucleus and INAH3. It was found to be larger in females and smaller in males (Pinel, 2003). The interesting thing is that the anterior commissure in homosexual males is not similar in size to that of the female nor was it intermediate between the two sexes. It is actually larger compared to both heterosexual female and heterosexual male (Allen s orientation by looking at any brain structure. As there are gender dimorphic structures in the brain, they too have found functional differences. Alexander and Sufka (1993 as cited in Alexander, 2000) compared patterns in brain activity among homosexual males, heterosexual males and females as they performed verbal, cognitive, and spatial tasks and also while making affective judgements. Activity was measured via EEG in four locations in the left and right hemispheres. They found that the homosexual males displayed greater asymmetry compared to both heterosexual sexes during the verbal, cognitive, and spatial tasks. More precisely, homosexual subjects had greater inhibition in the right hemisphere compared to the heterosexual subjects during the verbal task, and greater inhibition in the left during spatial tasks. In heterosexuals, inhibition was not as pronounced and it was in the same hemisphere for both tasks. The same asymmetry was found in homosexual males when making affective judgments, and again these were not observed in heterosexual males and females. One limitation of this study, as with most studies on the biology of homosexuality, is that they did not use lesbian subjects. In addition, activity was only measured in eight locations. If Alexander and Sufka found asymmetry in homosexual males and not in heterosexuals, the opposite is true in Reite and his colleagues (1995 as cited in Alexander, 2000) study of the M100. This auditory evoked response has also been established as a sexually dimorphic (Reite et al. 1991 as cited in Alexander, 2000). They recorded MEG M100 source location in the left and right hemispheres of nine heterosexual and nine homosexual males. In the heterosexual group, they found an auditory asymmetry in which the response was found substantially anterior on the right hemisphere. In the homosexual group, they did not find this asymmetry. Their findings suggest that there is a difference in either the structure, function, or both, of the superior temporal gyrus between homosexual and heterosexual males. The sample size, however, is too small to make such generalizations. This is the main problem with all studies investigating the biological basis of homosexuality and perhaps the greatest criticism. The evidence cannot hold up due to methodological flaws such as a small sample size or confounding variables. The view that homosexuality is partly biological is not widely accepted because the evidence is not concrete enough to support it. In terms of genetic evidence, there is no way of telling whether specific chromosomes do influence homosexuality or the concordance is a result of a common environment twins and siblings grow up in. For neuranatomic and neurendocrine differences, they have not yet determined if these are innate or acquired through a homosexual lifestyle. Furthermore, individual differences exceed the differences found between homosexual and heterosexual groups. A second criticism to the view that homosexuality has a biological basis is that sexual orientation is far too complex to be determined or directly influenced by just a few brain structures, chromosomes or hormones. This is not to say that it should be concluded that there is no biological basis for homosexuality or that the results of previous studies should be disregarded. However, researchers must always consider that psychosocial factors also play a key role in ones sexual orientation and that it is a product of the interaction between biology and the environment. This may be another nature-nurture or choice debate that has no answer. References Alexander, J. E. (2000). Biological influences on homosexuality. Psychology, Evolution & Gender, 2, 241-252. Byne, W. and Parson, B.(1994). Biology and human sexual orientation. Harvard Mental Health Letter, 10, 5. Pinel, J.P. (2003). Biopsychology (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Rice, G., C., Anderson,C., Risch, N., and Ebers, G. (1999). Male homosexuality: absence of linkage to microsatellite markers at Xq28. Science, 284, 665-667. Wolfe, C. (1999). Homosexuality and American Public Life. Dallas, TX: Spence Publishing Company.

Research Paper in Education: Some Topics for Research Paper in Education

Research Paper in Education: Some Topics for Research Paper in EducationTopics for research paper in education include such things as course evaluation, student assessments, and school research. Each topic requires an analysis of the issues surrounding the study and a research plan that follow the plan. Creating a good plan for researching topics for research paper in education is not only essential, but will also save time.For the purposes of this article, the audience will be students of all ages, abilities, and demographics. These students need to be assessed for their academic abilities, other learning disabilities, and various performance metrics. The use of workbooks and flash cards as supplementary teaching tools will be overlooked in this discussion. As these students do not already know how to read and write, non-academic methods of communicating must be employed to enhance reading, writing, and comprehension skills. Schools often use multiple types of assessment tools to ga ther information on student performance.There are several types of testing, as there are many types of students that schools serve. Academic testing is often administered by both teachers and administrators, and sometimes outside the school environment. By examining how teachers perform in an academic setting, it can be easier to see how they apply their knowledge and skills to the students' learning environment. It is important to use current methods of teaching so that the students will learn to best apply the knowledge that is learned by the teachers in their classrooms.The various forms of assessments involve multiple methods of testing, as well as different objectives. Knowing how to prepare for each type of test, and which tests need to be modified or revised to meet your school's standards will help you in the final stages of the research process. The objective of all assessments should be to assess the effectiveness of the teacher in his or her teaching practice, as well as how he or she applied this knowledge in the classroom.In this article, the research paper in education will cover several topics for research paper in education. It is important to note that each topic for research paper in education is quite different from the last. For example, one of the most common forms of assessment that is commonly used in high schools is student feedback. This assessment uses questionnaires to get a sense of the student's progress throughout the year.Students are asked a series of questions about their personal life, interests, and perceptions of school. The use of this type of assessment in high schools often serves as a track record for the new and returning teachers, as well as a means to measure how the teachers are performing in their classroom. Answering the question, 'What do the students see in the classroom?'Another common assessment is student assessments, which look at the way the students interact with one another and the students' learning envir onment. Each student is assigned a task and is assessed for his or her performance during the assignment. The easiest way to compare students is by using student surveys, which use a standard questionnaire format. By taking this survey, teachers can get a feel for how the students are doing in their classroom and whether or not there are areas that need improvement.Whether or not the students are looking at a technique of learning, they need to be assessed to give teachers and administrators a good idea of how they are progressing. When the teacher has good ways to measure the effectiveness of his or her students, they will have an increased opportunity to create better learning environments for their students.

Topics For A History Research Paper

Topics For A History Research PaperThere are several topics for a history research paper that students can use to help them with their research. The first thing that you will want to do is to find a topic that you are most comfortable with. Not only does this help the research process, but it will also help with the writing process because you will be more comfortable with the topic.If you choose to write on the history of your family, then you will need to gather all of the family members together and look at their own historical record. If you are planning to do this type of research, then you will have to speak with someone from the military. These people have been on military bases and have gathered all of the records related to that experience. You will need to get the information and put it in your research papers.Next, you will want to collect all of the information that you have to work with. Once you have collected this information, then you can start organizing it. When you start organizing this information, you will want to write out a draft of your paper. This will help you determine what information is important and what is not important to include in your paper.Family history often includes information about their ancestors. It may also include their ancestors marriage records and other important information. The information you gather here will be used to help you with your research.Once you have collected all of the information that you need, then you can begin writing your research paper. As you work on your paper, you will want to make sure that you are using the information that you have collected. The information you collect should be arranged in a way that makes sense to you.As you continue to write your paper, you will want to make sure that it is organized. This way, when you go to check your work, you will know where everything is located. Then, you will be able to move onto another part of your paper that is related to your new topic of interest.When you are writing your research paper, you will want to check your work for any grammatical errors. Errors that can be corrected include using 'the'the other' instead of 'the other'. You also do not want to use the past tense when writing the paper.Topics for a history research paper are a great way to get your ideas down. If you know what information you want to write about, then it is easy to do. However, if you do not know what to write about, then you will have to find a topic that you are most comfortable with.