Risk Factors of Asthma

Risk Factors of bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial bronchial asthma attackT commensu locate of Contents (Jump to)Introductiondissertation/ HypothesisMotivationBackground informationTerminology billets business 1Gender and senesceallergic reaction and bronchial asthma attackfamilial and asthmaArgument 2Smoking and asthmaOver load and asthmaArgument 3 want and asthmaAir pollution and asthmaClimate and asthma endpointLimitationsWorks CitedAppendixIntroduction bronchial asthma has been peer slight of the plebeian disease of today, at that place is astir(predicate) one in 15 passel has asthma in the world. asthma attack is a chronic take aim whose symptoms be attacks of wheezing, breath littleness, chest tightness, and coughing. There is no cure for asthma, yet most mickle fag end control the condition and lead normal, active lives. This report we bequeath be investigating the circumstanceors of asthma and similarly exit be compass variety of selective infor mation and represents.Thesis/ HypothesisThe probability of civilizeing asthma is influenced by rumbustious factors such as age, sex or having opposite respiratory diseases however, reenforcement drug abuses of patients as well as the milieu more(prenominal) or less them be also important factors that affect the badness or the pass of having asthma.MotivationThe main actors why we choose asthma as our take is be bring forth asthma has been a common disease in our life. There atomic number 18 millions of asthma contracters around the world and many of them argon around us. We intend by exploring the risk factors and the ways that dismiss cause asthma standardized age and sex, somebodyal habit and milieu, we foundation know more ab out(p)(predicate) the disease and how to prevent it.Background informationWhat causes asthma? asthma attack symptoms develop when the air ducts become reddened as a result of exposure to proper(postnominal) environmental triggers, su ch as dust, smoke or even exercise. However, not all individuals exposed to the same triggers develop asthma symptoms. The main reason for this is that some individuals argon genetically more likeAsthma becomes more and more common disease in the world. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 1 in 13 volume acquire asthma. in like manner, thither argon no ways to heal asthma but there be all some ways that depose calm it down.TerminologyAsthma a disease of the airways or branches of the lung (bronchial tubes) that carry air in and out of the lungs. Asthma causes the airways to narrow, the lining of the airways to swell and the cells that line the airways to produce more mucus. These changes let suspire difficult and cause a feeling of not getting decorous air into the lungs. Common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and excess mucus production.Asthma rate/ asthma preponderance the voice or fleck of the great unwashed that defe cate asthma.Allergy an exaggerated response to a effect or condition produced by the release of histamine or histamine-like substances by moved(p) cells.Air pollution The condition in which air is contaminated by foreign substances, or the substances themselves.BMI BMI stands for body mass index it is used to denominate a persons fatness. BMI is calculated using the persons height and exercising weight.Chronic disease a disease that underside be controlled, but not cured.ArgumentsArgument 1 Age and sex (other allergies)Age, sex are uncontroll competent factors that bequeath come an effect a persons lay on the line of woefulness from asthma, while having other respiratory disease can even increase the patients chance of underdeveloped asthma.Asthma is a chronic disease that a large part of the universe of discourse suffers from it. Like galore(postnominal) other diseases, the chance of developing Asthma differs harmonise to the age group the person belongs to. On the oth er hand, the risk of having asthma for male and feminine are also different. These are receivable to the conditions of individually persons airway result change according to their age and sex. Moreover, because asthma develops from airway inflammation, any other disease that is related to the respiratory system provide also greatly increase the risk of developing asthma.Argument 2 PERSONAL habits (smoking, obesity)Asthma can also be acquired non-genetically collect(p) to personal habits such as smoking or being overweight. Some of the asthma patients developed it from the blood relatives, but the chance of developing asthma and the severity of the disease can be controlled by a person. For instance, smoking can do ill-use to the entire respiratory system and greatly abbreviate lung function. It can narrow the airway which pass on increase the risk of asthma. Also good personal habit, such as and lifestyle can documentation you body in good shape and keep the airway paten t whence avoiding asthma.Argument 3 ENVIRONMENTLiving in a poor environment that has poor air quality or unceasingly exposed to allergen and dusts can also cause Asthma and even make it deteriorates.Asthma is a long term disease of a persons airway and lungs therefore, although the direct cause of asthma is still not completely take in, respire in dust such as wood dust or chemicals for a long period of time go away affect the wellness of your respiratory system and then increase the chance of asthma developing.Argument 1Gender and ageAsthma is a disease that affects existence from all age groups. However the chance of having asthma differs depending on which age group one is in. practice 1.1.1 representical record of asthma prevalence and intermediate humidityFrom figure1.1.1 supra we are able to go over that asthma really usually happens before 30 yrs old, which is in the first place childhood and archaean adulthood. Adults in their middle age will be less undefend ed to asthma, then the persona of asthma patient slightly increase as it r separatelyes old age. Moreover based on the entropy from statistic Canada, there are more male asthma sufferers than female. The average difference between female and male are 2.16, which sozzleds male have 2.16% more chance of having asthma. It can be a huge difference while relations with the tribe of the entire country. habitus 1.1.2 cypher 2 based on the data from CDC and it doomed asthma prevalence of age group below 12 geezerhood old. In this interpret we are able to see that although rattling little infant have asthma, 16 to 17% of the entire population around 5 to 24 eld old suffers from asthma, that means there are 3 asthma patient in every 20 person. Similar with the data from statistic Canada, the graph showed that plenty in their early ages are more seeming to be suffered from asthma. This might be due to the half(prenominal) development of the lung and airway so the airway is more se nsitive and under attack(predicate) and easily infected so as during old age. chassis 1.1.3Figure1.1.3 above displayed the asthma prevalence of male and female. Among male, the asthma rate is more than 5% high(prenominal) than female. It might be due to males respiratory systems s dismount growth. temporary hookup among female, the asthma rate is higher after puberty. This can be due to males airway become a lot toilsomeer after puberty.To conclude, although uncontrollable, gender and age is a risk factor that we should know in order to prepare for and preventing asthma.Allergy and asthmaAnother uncontrollable risk factor of asthma would be allergies and other respiratory disease.Figure 1.2.1 Figure 1.2.1 above used data collected from Unionville spunky School. In the sample, there are 4 raft who suffer from asthma among 31 batch which is near 13%. It matches the data from statistic Canada. Among these 4 people one of them own pet and two of them two own pets and have other allergies. Over half of the asthma patients have other allergies and the majority of them own pet. It shows owning pet might be a risk factor of asthma and the reason behind it might be the fur that can cause inflammation in the airway. Moreover there is a family between asthma and other type of allergiesFigure 1.2.2The result from another research also supported this argument. Most people that suffer from other allergies or atopic disease are also asthma sufferers therefore people with allergies are more likely to suffer from asthma.Genetic and asthmaA very common way of having asthma is acquire the disease from the family. This might be due to the genes they inherited from their parents have quasi(prenominal) characteristic therefore asthma can be inherited.Figure 1.3.1 spirit at Figure 1.3.1 based on a sample from Unionville High School, 3 asthma sufferers out of 4 have family members that suffer from asthma. It is clear that the nub of asthma sufferers with siblings or pare nts that also have asthma is much higher than ones without. We can conclude that having a family member with asthma can raise the chance of developing asthma.Argument 2Other than those uncontrollable factors that are related to a persons age, sex and other disease, ones everyday habit and activities is can also affect the asthma rate. Two of these unhealthy habits that can increase ones chance of having asthma will be smoking, overeating or lack of exercising that can cause obesity.Smoking and asthmaAsthma is a common respiratory disease in the world. There are few ways that will turn this disease bad, Smoking is one of the major bad habit that turn asthma bad. Smoking is the divine guidance of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. According to the CDC, a research demonstrated that there is a higher rate to have asthma if you smoke. There are about 17% people in the US that smoke but there are about 21% people who smoke with asthma.Figure 2.1.1The g raph above demonstrated the people in different province in the United States and is split by with asthma who smokes and without asthma who smoke. The result shows that there are more people that smoke with asthma than without asthma.Overweight and asthmaAlthough Asthma is a respiratory disease, ones body mass index (BMI) is also a factor of developing asthma and even an asthma attack. BMI is calculated using ones height and weight when a persons body mass index (BMI) is between 18.5 and 25, he will be considered normal, however when the persons BMI is between 25 to 30 he will be considered overweight and fat if the BMI is over 30. Graph 2.2.1 below shows the percentage of normal weight, overweight and obese adults suffering from asthma.Figure 2.2.1The graph shows the relationship between ones BMI and asthma. For both men and women, the chance of suffering from asthma for an obese person is significantly higher than a normal weighted person. For the obese group, the asthma prevale nce is almost 50% higher than the normal weight group. We can easily see that being overweight can greatly influence the prevalence of asthma, overweight people are more likely to suffer from asthma compared with others. This is because the extra weight on an overweight person will increase the pressure on his chest therefore it will be harder for the person to breath. On the other hand, inflammation, which obesity usually comes with, also contributes to increasing the risks of developing asthma. Inflammation around the wall of the airway will make it swollen and decrease the width of the airway, allowing lesser air to pass, and cause multiple asthma symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and ventilation system difficulties. From the data, we are able to conclude the surmise is true and being obese will greatly increase ones chance of developing asthma.Figure 2.2.2https//nccd.cdc.gov/NPAO_DTM/IndicatorSummary.aspx?category=28indicator=30From graph 2.2.3, we are able to see that acco rding to CDC, more than 10% of the the Statess population is obese, that means they will all be having a much higher risk of having asthma than the rest and they should be more careful about while doing strenuous exercise.Argument 3While ones persona condition and habit changes his chance of developing asthma, like many other disease, the environment around the person can also influence the incidence of the disease. This is due to the environment can affect ones health condition slowly therefore a good environment can decrease ones chance of suffering from diseases and vice versa.Poverty and asthmaOne of the factors that can affect ones living environment is ones income. Typically, family that have more money will be able to afford living in cleaner area, more comfortable quadruplet and overall, a better environment while the families with less income will not. Dust, slight particles, molds, insects and many more types of allergens in these environment can trigger asthma and expos ed to them will absolutely be a factor that causes asthma.Figure 3.1.2 Graph asthma prevalence by income in 2014https//www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-1.htmThe graph above shows the percent of people suffering from asthma versus their exiguity aim in America. Federal pauperization threshold in the graph is a measure of income for every person. The standard income for an American is calculated each year and it is shown in the table below.PERSONS IN FAMILY/HOUSEHOLDPOVERTY GUIDELINE1$11,670215,730319,790423,850527,910631,970736,030840,090For families/households with more than 8 persons, add $4,060 for each additional person.From graph 1 it is clear that there is a trend that shows less people suffer from asthma as their income increase. For instance for people with income lower than the poverty guideline, the prevalence of asthma reached up to 10%.Moreover, the area one lives in also returnsFigure 3.1.3 Graph of amount of asthma patient versus poverty rate in 2014http//www2.cen sus.gov/programs- tidy sums/cps/tables/time-series/historical-poverty-people/hstpov9.xlsFigure 3.1.3 above showed the poverty rate and asthma rate of the four shares in the United States. It also indicated that as the poverty rate of a certain region or area gets higher, so does the asthma rate. In general, families living in poverty lives in less developed areas, which means that they might know less about how to contest with asthma and asthma prevention. These data prove the relationship between poverty and asthma therefore family that have less income is likely to have a higher risk of having asthma.Air pollution and asthmaAs mentioned, asthma is a type of long term respiratory disease and it chiefly affects the airway and trachea, which is a part of the respiratory system. It is used as a tube to transfer air in and out of the lung while breathing so, during this process, the wall of the airway frequently makes contact with the air outside that contains many pollutants. There fore unlike skin that covers the human body, the unprotected wall can get infected and be stimulated very easily. Then the inflamed airway will cause coughing, wheezing and even asthma. Therefore if the environment isnt clean and the air quality isnt good, the chance of developing asthma increases.Figure 3.2.1 Graph of emission of second oxide and asthma rate from 2010 to 2014Figure 3.2.2 Graph of emission of northward oxide and asthma rate from 2010 to 2014http//www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=enn=E79F4C12-1The two graphs above show the relationship between the emissions of several types of air pollutants as percentage of 1990 level and the percentage of people with asthma in canada from 2010 to 2014. We are able to see that there is a trend, as the emission of the two air pollutants decreases the percentage of people with asthma also decrease. For example, sulfur dioxide, a form of sulfur oxide found in lower atmosphere, is a harmful toxic chemical. The r of the trend line is about 0.703, which means there is a strong relationship between the emission the chemical and prevalence of asthma. In fact according to CDC, exposure to this type of chemical will affect ones lung health. Asthma suffers is more sensitive to even low concentration of sulfur dioxide. On the other hand, there is also correlation between emission of nitrogen oxide and asthma prevalence. The r in graph 3.2.2 is 0.9 therefore it shows that the relationship with asthma prevalence is even stronger for nitrogen oxide. A research done by WHO indicates that respiratory disease is more common in area with higher nitrogen oxide concentration. Therefore, inhaling either of these chemicals in the air can do damage on ones respiratory system can is one of the factors of asthma.Figure 3.2.3http//www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=enn=E79F4C12-1Luckily, from the graph above, we can see that the emissions of these toxic chemicals are decreasing. Thus we can persua de that as the average air quality get better in the future and the concentration of these chemicals decrease, the percentage of people with asthma should also slowly decrease.Climate and asthmaLast but not least, the climate of each region also has an effect on the chance of developing asthma. In fact, one of the factors that can affect ones respiratory system would be humidity. humidity is the amount of water in the air and higher humidity would mean there are more water around the atmosphere. When the humidity gets higher, it will be more difficult to breath in this kind of atmosphere, but if the atmosphere is too dry, the airway will be inflamed due to lack of water and will also be a factored that triggers asthma.Figure 3.3.1 Graph of asthma prevalence and average humidityhttps//www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data_states.htmhttps//www.currentresults.com/ brave out/US/humidity-by-state-in-summer.phpFrom this graph, we are able to see a U shape trend. Most states in the United States have similar average humidity and asthma rate. However as the average humidity increase, more people suffer from asthma as the average humidity decrease lower than 40% the amount of asthma patient increases again. As a matter of fact, the world health organization claimed that 50% humidity will be best to reduce the chance of developing asthma or asthma attack. State such as New Jersey and Maryland, are find at the east playground slide, had higher average humidity, being around 70% has more asthma patient while states near the west coast has a lower average humidity around 60% and has less people has asthma there. On the other hand, the states in the middle region have a low average humidity near 30% to 40% as expected the amount of asthma patients goes up. Therefore the theory a stated above is proven to be true, humidity can affect ones chance of developing asthma or an asthma attack.ConclusionLimitationsBiasThere is sampling bias in the result of our survey this is beca use we take our sample from Unionville High School. The population in the school is mainly Asian therefore although we narrowed our report to only about magnetic north America it cant represent the situation in North America precisely. Moreover, we used snowball sampling while sending out the survey, the amount of Asians and non-Asians in the result will be more unbalanced.Not adequacy informationWhen we are doing our research we found out that there are not many raw data that we can use, many of them are directly made into graphs or figures without posting the raw data and some of the data isnt able to be found on the internet. Moreover there are countries that do not make their data public. Therefore we unflinching to narrow our range down to only North America. And we found out that Statistic Canada and CDC have a lot of open source that we can become withWorks Citedhttps//aspe.hhs.gov/2014-poverty-guidelinestresholdshttps//media.npr.org/assets/img/2015/12/24/asthma_widea7d6c 21be70cdf982718f2e7bcb6f1f5d5b3cfdc.jpg?s=1400Appendix prorogue 1Asthma, by age group and sex(Percent)20102011201220132014percentTotal, 12 years and over8.58.68.17.98.1Males7.17.46.86.97Females9.89.89.48.99.212 to 19 years11.111.810.210.99Males11.411.110.611.18.3Females10.812.59.810.79.620 to 34 years9.59.19.789.3Males8.57.98.77.48.2Females10.510.410.78.610.535 to 44 years7.786.887.2Males6.37.25.77.35.5Females9.18.788.78.945 to 64 years7.98.17.17.17.5Males5.56.64.75.66.4Females10.49.69.48.68.665 years and over77.37.77.58Males6.25.66.45.87.1Females7.68.78.898.7http//www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/health49b-eng.htm parry 2https//www.dovepress.com/cr_data/article_fulltext/s91000/91654/img/COPD-91654-T01.pngTable 3https//www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-1.htmTable 4https//www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db239_table.pdf1Table 52014 Percent of adults aged 18 years and older who are overweightLocationValue95% CISample coatNational35.2(34.9-35.5)425,875https//nccd. cdc.gov/NPAO_DTM/IndicatorSummary.aspx?category=28indicator=30Table 6Ratio of Family Income to Poverty ThresholdAll AgesTotalChildrenAdults18+0-0.9915.815.615.91.00-2.4912.913.212.92.50-4.4912.412.812.34.50 and above11.812.311.7https//www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-1.htm realmAll agesTotalChildrenAge AdultsAge 18+Northeast7,060