The Wanting Seed

In Anthony burgess The Wanting Seed, the flooring starts off, in what is write outn to the main character, Tristram, as the Pel figure. Tristram is a history teacher and knows mostly all there is to know about history. According to Tristram, governances go through three phases the Pelphase, the Interphase, and the Gusphase. Tristram believes that like almost e very(prenominal)thing else, political science is cyclical. The Pelphase is a succession in the governing body and society where the people are prevailing to ruin themselves, their surroundings and their country.The people dont just work for themselves they work together. Over tribe has al offices been a problem in the futuristic London that Burgess portrays. God has become a myth even though or so still practice their religion. God has turned into some sort of Santa article because everyone is working to better the problems that they and the government are having. The government suggests that homosexuality could ser vicing the population troubles, but they dont enforce it or overhear it law. citizenry occupy the choice to have minorren or be homosexual. The government hands out rations of food every week because the crops arent exploitation and overpopulation is so prevalent. The rations are just enough to keep the people broad(a) and content. When the government realizes that nothing is working out and the crops still wont arrive and overpopulation is still a giant problem, they give up the current meanss and move on to new ways of governing. This brings the Interphase along. The Interphase is black and white compared to the Pelphase.It is a transition phase where things must be broken in say to fix them. When the government realized that giving people the choice to have children or be homosexual isnt working in everyones favor and the crops are still arent outgrowth, they made it mandatory to all be gay or have only one child and in addition to that the food rations have gotten smal ler. Police (Greyboys) walked the beat in large groups looking for people that were breaking laws or people that werent. pickings them to jail for nothing was fine with the Greyboys.Innocent people were thrown in jail and kept in jail just by cosmos in the wrong place at the wrong time. With all of the growing animosity towards the Greyboys and the government, people start to question and revolt. Nobody wants to go starved the straights dont want to go gay the families dont want to break up. The Interphase didnt last too long because of how disadvantageously the citizens felt about it. People were rising once against the government and demanding their rights back. The government couldnt take the pressure so they just ended up doing nothing.They literally did nothing. They left it up the people. With that decision came the Gusphase. The Gusphase was a wild and crazy time. People were going crazy in the streets, killing and looting. The government had no say-so over anything anym ore. Hungry groups of people started attacking and cooking up Greyboys. They were creating easy lay cannibalistic dining clubs and taking part in intense orgies. The government lost so much of the control it once had, all of the prisons were emptied and the prisoners gravel free.With so much chaos going on, people were forced to defy for themselves and it became survival of the fittest. During all of the madness, priests and bishops were clamorously to preach the word of their God again and that is what people held on to in this time of madness. The Gusphase, just like the Interphase, didnt last long. The government eventually regained control of the population and things were back to the way they started, Pelphase. In the Pelphase after the horrible Gusphase, things were different than before.People were now aloud to have children and homosexuality wasnt pressured upon the people. On the surface, it seemed as if the government has learned from their mistakes but under the surf ace things have taken a very deadly turn. The soldiery had most of the control in the government now. The army went town to town tricking people into joining the army. After the people went through long and rigorous training they were sent off to the front lines in western Ireland. They werent fighting the Irish however they were fighting separate British men and women.The government set up elaborate shows to stool that there was a war and when it came down to the actual battle the dickens sides of British would clash in a bloody death match. At the end of the fight, officers from the army, who were in on the whole scheme, executed the survivors so know one would find out about their evil idea of population control. Thanks to Tristrams smarts and instincts, he was able to survive. He made his way back to the army headquarters and told them that he knew the whole plot. They didnt compensate him any mind, gave him his discharge check, and sent him on his way.He ended up going bac k to where he started before all of the crazy clock London experienced in the past couple of years. He get a job as a war history teacher and bought a new flat with his discharge money. After he was colonized he found Beatrice-Joanna and his twin sons. Things finally came full circle for Tristram. In may ways, Tristrams journey was a lot like the phases that the government went through. He had endured the brunt of each phase. He experienced the worst that each phase had to offer a human being. He survived and lived happily again.

The French Constitution

France is a republic the institutions of g all overnance of France argon defined by theconstitution, more specifically by the current constitution, being that of the Fifth Republic. The temperament has been modified several times since the start of the Fifth Republic, most latterly in July 2008, when the french Congress (A Joint convention of the two put up of Parliament) approved by 1 vote over the 60% bulk required constitutional changes proposed by chairwoman Sarkozy.The Fifth Republic The 5th republic was established In 1958, and was largely the ork of General de Gaulle Its first president, and Michel Debr his acme minister. It has been amended 1 7 times. Though the French constitution Is parliamentary, It gave comparatively extensive powers to the executive (President and Ministers) compared to other western democracies. The executive branch The division of state and head of the executive is the President, elected by universal suffrage. Since whitethorn 201 2, Frances president is Franqois Hollande.Originally, a president of the Fifth Republic was elected for a 7-year term (le septennat), renewable any number of times. Since 2002 the President has been elected for a 5- year term (le quinquennat). Since the passing of the 2008 ingrained reform, the maximum number of foothold a president can serve has been limited to two. The President, who is also unequivocal commander of the military, determines insurance policy with the aid of his Council of Ministers (Conseil des ministres). The residence of the President of the French Republic is the Elyse Palace (le palais de lElyse) in Paris.The President appoints a strand minister (currently 2012 Jean-Marc Ayrault) , who forms a political relation. The residence of the French Prime Minister is at Matignon House (lHtel Matignon) in Paris. In theory ministers are chosen by the PM in practice unless the President and the PM are from dfferent sides of the political spectrum (a form known as la cohabit ation), PM and president prune together to form a government. The President must approve the naming of government ministers.The cabinet, le Consen des ministres, meets on a weekly basis, and Is presided over by the president. Ministers determine policy and put new legislation in front Parliament In the form of bills (projets de 101) wlthln the framework of existing police, hey apply policy through decrees (dcrets). The legislative branch The French parliament Is made up of two houses or chambers. The lower and principal house of parliament is the Assemble nationale, or national assembly the elected by universal suffrage, in general elections (lections lgislatives) that take place every five years.Senators are elected by grand electors, who are mostly other topical anaesthetic elected representatives. The electoral system for parliamentary elections involves two rounds a aspect can be elected on the first round by obtaining an absolute majority of votes cast. The second round i s a runoff amid two or more candidates, usually two.. The Judicial branch fleck the Minister of Justice, le Garde des Sceaux, has powers over the running of the Justice system and public prosecutors, the Judiciary is strongly independent of the executive and legislative branches.The authoritative handbook of French civil law is theCode Civil. Promulgation of laws New bills (projets de lot), proposed by government, and new pivate members bills (propositions de lot) must be approved by both chambers, in the beginning becoming law. However, by virtue of Article 49. of the French constitution, a government can override parliamentary opposition and pass a law without a parilimentary vote. This does not happen frequently, and in the framework of constitutional amendments, president Sarkozy curtailed the possibility of using 49. . Laws and decrees are promulgated when the official text is publish in the Official Journal of the French Republic, le Journal Officiel. The Constitutional Co uncil The Constitutional Council , le Conseil constitutionnel, exists to determine the constitutionality of new legislation or decrees. It has powers to collision down a bill efore it passes into law, if it is deemed unconstitutional, or to demand the withdrawal of decrees tear down after promulgation.The Council is made up of nine members, appointed (three each) by the President of the Republic, the leader of the National Assembly, and the leader of the Senate, plus all surviving precedent heads of state. Political parties In 2012, France is governed by the Socialist Party and allies..

Article Rebutal Essay

The grippe gunslinger. Should you or shouldnt you get nonpareil? That is a very common question to ask as grippe season quickly approaches. The Mayo Clinic offers an article on their website stating that the best modal value to avoid the flu is primarily by means of vaccination. Does this mean virtuoso cannot avoid the flu if they dont receive the immunization? What happens to the citizenry who cannot afford the conjecture, or those who cannot access the places to receive one? Is one to be plagued by sickness if they were to go against injecting the inoculation?While the Mayo clinic itself is a reputable hospital and research facility, the article, Flu shot Your best appear for avoiding influenza (Mayo 2012) offered no evidence or run for the claim. There was support for avoiding getting the flu, but no proof that the shot itself would offer much(prenominal) protection. After further investigation, there were numerous studies repudiating the claims that are made regarding t he faculty of the flu shot. One such study (which was actually pro-vaccination) stated that the shot only provided moderate protection and was lacking in evidence in the 65 and up age range (Lancet). In anformer(a) finding, that is to say the leaflet that comes inside the drugs packaging, the insert for FLULAVAL states there have been no controlled trials adequately demonstrating a decrease in influenza disease after vaccination with FLULAVAL. Then why take it?While the side effects of the flu shot can be mild such as warmness at the injection site or aching muscles, they can withal be as severe as an allergic reaction causing, anticipate what, flu like symptoms. Who wants that? Plus there is the chance that the vaccines dont match the viruses circulating (Mayo). Now wait a minute, somebody is predicting the upcoming viruses and then making the immunization? How does that work? Are these same deal consulting a crystal ball or palm reading the other medical students and scien tists by any chance?While it may be medically necessary for a person to receive an influenza vaccination magic spell in a hospital setting or nursing home, the bed line is sick people get sick while muscular people do not. To avoid the flu this season, eat well, exercise regularly, do by stress and take some vitamins. Keep your hands clean by washing them regularly and avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth whenever practical but especially if the hands are not clean. Prevention is quench the best medicine and as Thomas Edison so fabulously quantified, The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will elicit her or his patients in the care of the human frame, in a prim diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease.References(Sept. 2012) Mayo Clinic Staff. Flu shot Your best bet for avoiding influenza retrieved online from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/flu-shots/ID00017(Jan 2012). The Lancet Infectious Diseases, plenty 12, Issue 1, Pgs 36 44, retrieved online from http//www.naturalnews.com/033998_influenza_vaccines_effectiveness.html(Oct 2011). Adams, M. Natural News, retrieved online fromhttp//www.naturalnews.com/033998_influenza_vaccines_effectiveness.html

The Theory of Michelangelo’s Architecture

Michelangelos architecture was revolutionary to verbalize the least when observed against the background of the then accepted norms in architecture and arts in general. During his time, architects usually think of architecture and arts in universal terms as seeing the works per se as composed of mathematical add up (measurements) or geometry. Artists of the Renaissance period expressed their arts in more commonly in abstract forms. Michelangelo, on the other hand, feels, sees, and would interact with his art as though it is an animated amour (p 38).Indeed, it is enlightening to approach a structural design through the lenses of such a genius as the Master. It is important to get enough familiarity with the anatomy of the whole thing. For Michelangelo, the building is not just a building, exactly like the gay body, it lives and breathes so he could look at a structure and see every part of it as having its unique and supererogatory function as nose, eyes, arms, and other split of the body have their let special purposes for the proper functioning of the whole physique to the full emolument of the man.While the writers of medieval times would draw their ideas of architectural outline from the human beings anatomy, most of them do not conceive of the body as a life form. When drawing from the human body any architectural ideas, the presume perception is that the body is a miniature of the universe with all its parts functioning in perfect harmony.This perfect synchronization though, according to the familiar notions of the artists of those days, could not be achieved practically since according to them it was only an ideal and therefore could not be possibly realized in actuality. Hence, the use of numbers and measurements in short, geometrical approach. For example, one can just look at the available models, such as those crafted by Francisco Di Giorgio (ideal church plan p. 39), and Cesariano (the Vitruvian Figure, 1521 p 40).The said model s, as can be observed, are both replicas of the human body. These architectural designs were common in medieval period. Michelangelos attitude was some off tangent when compared to his peers. Indeed, he was different and was very free in terms of his individuality, especially as it was applied to his works. Whereas his contemporaries have elect to settle for the perfections of mathematical figures/measurements, Michelangelo argued for (as attested in his works) the motions and the emotions. For Michelangelo, everything from the observer to the object including the gigantic backdrop of the surroundings are all interconnected, that when an artist sets himself to plan a building, he should consider the presumed interplay between the object (the architectural design of the building), its backdrop (the environment), and the observer. Remember, the structural design for Michelangelo was a dynamic thing which exerts its influence to the observers.

Hartley’s novel Essay

Although appearing to halt a cynical view of delight in in the poem Larkin does in fact non doubt love, further the expectations that we have of it. In the words of Andrew Swarbrick, Larkin expresses not feelings of bitterness or pessimism but of pathos, of a tender benevolence for the widow who recalls dreams knowing they are best forgotten. Though sometimes grateful reminiscing erect reveal hopes that were unfulfilled, dreams neer lived push through, good times we can never experience again.Therefore what we perceive to be pessimism in Larkin is, in this instance, respectable rattlingism, an understanding of the illusions contained in the world, making him less deceived as a result. He once remarked, Poetry is an affair of sanity, of seeing things as they really are it was for him a way of being honest, not overestimating the value of things. Nonetheless, in the closing poem of The Whitsun Weddings, An Arundel Tomb, Larkin hints at his belief in love. Despite not ha ving a successful love life himself he still implies that he has trust in its inhabitence, the ultimate word of the anthology being the abstract noun, love.This key egress is a testament to its endurance and strength, What will rifle of us is love. legerdemain Saunders likens these lines containing the prove/love rhyme to Shakespeares attempt to define true up love in Sonnet 73, Larkins concluding line echo the rhyming couplet, If this be error, and upon me proved I never wrote, nor no human race ever loved. An Arundel Tomb concentrates on the historical aspect of the old. The persona in the poem, which is in fact Larkin, examines the concept of artifacts, how something set in stone can withstand the test of time regardless of whether it actually existed in the source place.Visiting a Sussex churchyard Larkin sees an example of love that both displaces and intrigues him, had it not been for the incongruity of two linked men displayed on the tomb he would have walked b y. It is a gesture small yet touching but the cynic in Larkin questions its validity presuming it to be a case of a sculptors sweet commissioned grace rather than a symbol of a long and devoted marriage. Together in finis the couples faces blurred but the husband is still holding her hand. over time their features have been weathered but their effigy remains as a reminder of their lives, a monument to their love. Archaic language is apply to complement the subject matter of the poem, capturing a bygone time so unlike todays unarmorial age. Further manipulation of sentence structure is evident with the effective juxtaposition of the adjectives sharp and tender, conveying entirely but perfectly Larkins confused and mixed reaction to the pith of the stone hands. There is debate over Larkins true feelings towards the real meaning of the faithfulness in effigy.Whether or not he again intended the pun with the use of the verb lie just as lovers were lying together in bed is unclear. As Brother Anthony (An Sonjae) points out in his paper Without Metaphysics there is a huge diversity in the interpretations of Larkins intended meaning in his work, it is up to the reader to locate their own response which is good for the reader, but a challenge as well. Does the poet trust that love survives not only in stone? Or as Andrew Swarbrick quite rightly points out does he almost believe it as the penultimate line suggests?Our almost-instinct almost true therefore cancels out the optimism of the following statement. Here we witness Larkin lowering his defenses, allowing himself to hope for the best, to want love to be that much mentioned brilliance but he cannot do so completely for fear of it being an illusion. Although hinting at what he truly believes it is as though he will not allow himself to trust it in case he is mistaken. Yet whether love survives or not it lives on in Arundel where only an spot remains. This is also true of Larkins poetry, and in fact to the w hole genre.Whereas fictional characters and places from refreshings are lost, forgotten, poetry allows thoughts to survive as art long after the death of the artist. Larkin wrote of this inspiring philosophical system in 1955, contained in a statement to D. J. Enright he explained, I spare poems to preserve things I have seen/thought/felt I forecast the impulse to preserve lies at the bottom of all art. Yet as mentioned previously the meaning of Larkins literature is not always clear, just like he could only assume the significance of the joined hands we can only guess at the thoughts of Philip Larkin which are contained and live on in his verse.The poem Dockery and Son relates the events and emotions that occur when Philip Larkin returns his old college, steps sustain into the other(prenominal) only to be disappointed with what he finds there. An outsider there, he no womb-to-tomb belongs and finds himself a stranger in his own past, as well as physically being unable to enter his past residence the door of where (he) used to live is also locked fableically. However, the most move thing for Larkin is the news that one of his peers now has at son at Oxford Dockery unlike Larkin with no son, no wife, no house or go through is a success story.The door to fatherhood is therefore also locked for Larkin. By starting with dialogue the poem is made more authentic as it adds an injection of reality to the verse. It also alerts Larkin to the fact that he is no longer part of that world, of public school boys and ranks, he, unlike Dockery, has no reason to revisit that part of his life. He feels ignored. As in The Whitsun Weddings Larkin philosophizes whilst on a train which is not only a vehicle in the customary sense of the noun but a vehicle for his thoughts and also a metaphor for direction, moving forward in life.The simplistic repetition in the triplet stanza How much How little conveys Larkins disappointment in himself as he contemplates his own a chievements in comparison with those of Dockery. Whereas Leo Colston benefited from his nostalgic visit to the past it has been a negative experience for Larkin who should never have returned. Both Larkin and Hartley save philosophies on the past in two contrasting but evenly effective genres, which themselves give insight into the pasts of the authors.The past is, as both pieces of literature show, inevitably significant to us all. How we are affected by it however, each negatively or positively, is to some extent in our own hands. tear down a god cannot change the past (Agathon 445 BC) yet we can move on, learn from our experiences and in the future be less deceived. L. P. Hartleys novel is a message to us all that we should not dwell on what has come before, but concentrate on living the present, Leo recognize that he should not be sitting alone before it was besides late.In reality the past does not fully exist in the words of Larkin it is a love song that can never buy t he farm the same, a locked door which we can never be reopened, only an attitude that lives on in our minds. We may try to capture moments and emotions in stone, or in verse yet the only place where they truly exist is in our memory. We have the ability to dictate the significance the past holds for us. And so whilst we cannot change our pasts, we have the ability to change our future Shakespeare declared that Whats past is prologue yet we can determine what is contained in the epilogue.

Alternative Beverages

Alternative beverages competed on the stem of several(predicate)iation from traditional drinks such as carbonated soft drinks or fruit juices. The market started out with low competition, however that is rapidly ever-changing as many new product lines enter and profit margins lead inevitably suffer from the price reduction. The rest of the beverage industry is go about with low profit margins because of high competition and little ability to part products. The pick beverage segment help companies to sustain volume harvest-festival in mature markets where consumers were reducing their consumption of carbonated soft drinks.Also the alternative beverage industry offered products that catered to different demographics. For example efficiency drinks were purchased more by teens and young adults while vitality shots were bought by adults to get extra boosts of energy during the work day. In addition the vitamin-enhanced drinks and sports drinks went more toward athletes and people who exercised often. This differs from just the frequent carbonated soft drinks that people were used to drinking. Now they had products that they could consume for different activities.Demand is expected to grow worldwide as consumer purchasing power is increase and alternative beverages offered profit margins much higher than those of other beverages. One primeval characteristic in the beverage market was introduction of the energy shots and they were an primary(prenominal) growth factor in the industry the 5 hour energy shot was introduced in 2004 and took the market by storm with its high containments of B6, B12 and caffeine. rivalrys course introduced energy shots to the market but none pee come close to the 5 hour energy shot, with it holding 85% of the market share in 2009.

The Diagnostic and Statistical

People feed their own in the flesh(predicate) faith and feeling. Our cultural and p argonntal upbringing shape our lifes principles and views. We whitethorn encounter differences with other(a) sight establish on views and perception on things. And these differences among heap comprise the earths diversity. in that respect atomic number 18 people who atomic number 18 intolerant of others opinion and outrage. They argon in like manner raged by other people belong from a different race or ethnic background (Bigot). They may in any case feel outraged by others modus vivendi and identities that are different from their own. superstition is the characteristic and attitude of a bigot.It is the check mindset of people who are extremely judgmental other people. Bigot is a term used in describing people who are firmly given over in their prejudices, especially when their views are threatened or challenged. It is used to rival to people who hold blindly and intolerantly of th eir personal creed, opinion and belief (Adamson 200). Bigot is often mistaken by people as prejudice. Most people are confused between the two words. Prejudice happens when we tend to easily judge mostone or something based solely on our personal opinion or attitude. Prejudice is also a learned behavior.We are taught of what to think about people of different grammatical gender, race and disability. It is influenced by our parents and neighborhood. intolerance is hate. It is a radiation diagram of prejudice carried to an extreme manner (Martin 149). There are various kinds of bigotry such as religious, racial, political, national and cultural bigotry. fanaticism is most likely seen in aspects of religious and political field. Many people hold fanaticism in their religious and political views. Individuals and groups tend to be blindly deluded by the belief that their religion, race, political party, nation and culture are more superior than the others.Such beliefs made them blin dly and intolerant of others (Adamson 200). Based on the canonical commentary of psychopathology, it seems to apply on visceral bigotry. bigotry is non considered as a sickness but it can be regarded as a disfunction based on some influential definitions of psychopathology. The symptomatic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders define mental disorders based on distress, disability and increase in harmful effects. Alvin Poussaint, a Harvard psychiatrist, believes that bigotry fits the definition and advocates in putting it on the list.Bigotry may be a dysfunction in responding to large segments of humanity. It may constitute impairment in responding sound and responsible ways toward the targeted groups be creator of irrational hatred and disrespect and other prohibit attitudes (Martin 130). If a person professes negative remarks blaming superstar mothers on the impairments of the high society, it may be a form of bigotry. This may be under shake upism or the belief that o ne judged the other based on their sex or gender and not through their capability as an individual. They believe that one sex is superior than the other.This is evident in the workplace environment where serveance and capabilities are judged based on sex rather than having better qualifications. Sexism may also happen at home, school and society or community (Forms of Bigotry). In the case of having blamed the angiotensin-converting enzyme mothers for the social ills in the society implies many unverified perceptions toward our women, specifically our single mothers. Single mothers refer to women upbringing their children in the absence of the father or their husband. Being a single mother is never an easy task. They take on many difficulties in trying to raise their children while earning for a vitality.Single mothers do not nominate the aid of their husband either partially or totally. This may cause difficulty in their part. Bigots toward them may blame them for taking part on the national aid extended by the social welfare department. The authorities extends financial aid on poor families with unemployed head of the family. There are also shelters that welcome homeless individuals. Sexists may blame the single mothers for their incapability to find decent jobs and provide the needs of the children. They may also blame the single mothers if their children turned nuisance to society.The delinquency of the children is blamed on their mothers for their incapability to rear them appropriately to become good citizens of the society. If their children become problems of the society, mothers are on the line questioning their eligibility and capability as a mother. It does not question the single fathers trying to raise their children and earn a living at the same time assuming that single fathers can perform the two tasks flawlessly at the same time. This may be viewed as a bias for some women, who may do better than some single fathers.Some single fathers als o may be involved in neglecting their children or other types of child maltreatment. It may be a form of bigotry for it generalized single mothers as the culprit of social ills in the society. Being a sexist undermines the qualifications and abilities of people belonging on the other sex to take on a job or task. A sexist may view their sex as superior to others. They may view the other sex as inferior to them and not at their level. Viewing one sex as superior to other creates biases and prejudice toward the views on sex. Bigotry is involved when there is an extreme prejudice, hatred and contempt towards the other sex.Works Cited Adamson, Joseph J. What the World is Coming To?. Lincoln, NE I Universe, Inc. , 2004. Bigot. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. 26 January 2009 . Forms of Bigotry. articleworld. org. 24 January 2006. 26 January 2009 . Martin, Mike W. From Morality to Mental Health rightfulness and Vice in a Therapeutic Culture. New York, NY Oxford University Press, Inc. , 2006. Martin, Renee J. Practicing What We Teach Confronting regeneration in Teacher Education. Albany, New York State University of New York, 1995.

Gay Marriage argument Essay

The issue of legalizing courageous jointure has always been a liaison of great controversy in the United States. Many people c exclusively up that legalizing gay matrimony is immoral and unconstitutional. Untraditional, unlawful, and unethical are some of the galore(postnominal) terms used to describe gay marriage. Not all item-by-items receive this way. The issue has created widesp necessitate division both politically and socially.Advocates strongly view that gay marriage is a constitutional flop, while the opposition claims it has similarly some(prenominal) social disadvantages. In present day society the amount of peoples in support of gay marriage is higher than ever. One of the umpteen advocates for pro gay marriage is Evan Wolfson, the founder and president of Freedom to Marry. Wolfson presents many arguments for the legitimation of gay marriage in his article Without Nationwide sprightly Marriage, U.S. Government Discriminates.Using emotional, crystalline, and legal appeal, Wolfson presents his argument. aforementioned(prenominal)- call down couples should be able to celebrate their relationships with the bondage of marriage precisely like hetero land upual couples. Many very(prenominal)- wake up couples demand to marry and they should be able to since it is there human right. Evan Wolfson explains it flawlessly when he proclaimed Marriage is an important moment in life when we bring in a public promise of love and dedication to the person we are building a life with, and ask our friends and family to support us and carry us accountable. Couples who call for do that commitment in life should stimulate the alike(p) commitment under the law called marriage.It is unjust to rid taxpayer citizens of this right. It is societies norm that marriage should be between a man and cleaning lady, nonwithstanding it is non pen anywhere within the constitution. It is a saddening in evaluator to discriminate citizens collectable to t heir sexual orientation. This is appropriately presented when Wolfson writes Under the law, marriage touches every aspect of life, from birth to death, with taxes in between. Denial of the freedom to marry is one of the harshest in disturbities inflicted on lesbian and gay families distinction by their own establishmentparticularly in these tough economic times.The benefits of marriage should be extended to all individual during the present economic situation. match to Wolfson, Withholding from these benefits by preventing same sex marriage is a prime example of discrimination. There is no logical to reason to prevent gay marriage since it has been evincen successful. laughable couples lot in the freedom to marry in six e extracts and the territorial dominion of capital of South Carolina the toss away hasnt fallen. Gay marriage has been proven successful in other(prenominal) parts of the world along with some of the United States. Same sex marriage is gaining more and mor e acceptance, yet it is discriminated against state and federal official governments.The Federal government targets homosexual couples through the enactment of DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act). Wolfstan claims DOMA harms unify same-sex couples by withholding the more than one thousand federal responsibilities and protections accorded all other married couples. Benefits much(prenominal)(prenominal) as social security survivor and health coverage are withheld from married couples. The constitution commands equal justice for all and Wolfson believes its time to abide by our nations written law.Although Evan Wolfson presents valid points, there are many holes in his argument. The author disregards many aspects while portraying his own ideas. To begin with, why is it necessary to define a relationship with the title of Marriage? If two people of the same sex want to be in a relationship, why non just be together? The author claims that Gay couples share in the freedom to marry in six s tates and the District of Columbia the sky hasnt fallen. In the literal sense this statement is true, solely what about the rise in divorce rates in the six states and District of Columbia? The sky hasnt fallen, but there may be negative consequences to the legalization of gay marriage.Wolfston also charges the state and federal governments with discrimination against gays. It is the governments job to please the majority, and if anti-gay legislation will do that, so be it. If same sex couples are offended with state policies, why sewert they move to a different state or country? Wolfson mentions many appropriate points, but why doesnt he mention any impertinent sources? Providing no information from experts in the fields or resources challenges the credibility of his argument.Marriage is traditionally defined as a union between a man and a woman, non a woman and a woman, or man and a man. The legalization of gay marriage would cause social and economic perils that usher outt be overlooked. In his article Opinion Gay marriage should not be made legal, Ryan Normandin presents numerous legitimate reasons as to why gay marriage shouldnt be legalized. Many gay rights advocates believe that they pass the right to marry whomever they want under the equal rights protection clause, but that is certainly not the case.As Normandin explains in his article, They claim that the Equal certificate Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees them the right to marry whomever they desire, including members of the same sex. To forbid this would, in their minds, be discrimination. But do all people have the right to marry whomever they want already, with the exception of same-sex couples?No states have laws regulating marriage, down(p) first cousins from marrying, brothers and sisters from marrying, parents and offspring from marrying, and people from marrying animals, inanimate objects, or multiple other individuals. The legalization of gay marriage would open legal d oors to other forms of relationships such as polygamous, incestuous, and other nontraditional relationships. By the logic of gay marriage, everyone has an equal right to marry whomever or whatever he or she pleases. It is that fitting that state and federal governments regulate marriage, he claims.Traditional marriage is beneficial to the Ameri passel government, which spend a pennys it appropriate for couples to receive tax breaks and numerous benefits. Ryan Normnadin explains it topper when he literates The rationale is that mannishs and females, when married, are more likely to procreate, thus ensuring the continuation of American society. It is certainly to Americas advantage to have citizens, so there exists a compelling state interest justifying government subsidisation of heterosexual marriage.Since traditional marriage is helping the United States procreate, it is in the governments best interest to subsidize marriage that is increasing its subjugate of citizens. Many i ndividuals in favor of gay rights believe that happiness of same-sex couples is copious a reason for its legalization. Unfortunately, that is not the case since happiness is not a compelling enough argument when weighed against the drawbacks of gay marriage. One of the major drawbacks is that same sex couple can not nurture a boor properly.The well being of a child cannot be jeopardized for happiness. Although gay couples cant reproduce, artificial insemination and adoption are some options. Although, these arguments do not prove a viable option because complications can arise. Normandin refers to University of Canterbury professor Bruce J. Ellis to prove this point. Professor Elliss research claims greater exposure to father absence was strongly associated with elevated risk for early sexual activity and young pregnancy. These are risks that cant be taken lightly just to make lesbian couples happy.There are also risks involved in parenting in regards male couples. The author a lso refers to Stanford psychologist Eleanor MacCoby who points out that mothers, on average, may have somewhat stronger parental instincts when it comes to responding to young infants. It is of utter importance for a child to grow up with both a mother and father. According to Normandins beliefs, Happiness is not enough reason to harm the futurity of countless children.Ryan Normandin presents a compelling argument, but there are flaws in many of his ideas. For example, the author matchs gay marriage to incest and bestiality. Is it really fair to compare gay marriage to such formidable acts against nature? Bestiality and incest have far more negative effects then gay marriage, so it is not fair to compare them. They inability of gay couples to reproduce is another point Normandin brings about. Although this statement is valid, isnt artificial insemination a tool that can help lesbian couples procreate?What about the thousands of neglected children male couples can save? Lastly, the author quotes various professionals to point out that children of same sex couples will have complications due to an absent father or mother. Studies furnish that this maybe true, but what about family members that can fill that absent type present in same-sex couples? Cant the grandmother or auntie provide maternal care to a child of a male couple? Why cant a grandfather or uncle act as a fatherly figure for a lesbian couples child? Normandin provided a very compelling argument, but there are minor doubts to his ideas.After analyzing both sides of the issue along with my prior experiences and knowledge, gay marriage should not be legalized. Both articles made valid points, but Ryan Normandins opinionative piece Opinion Gay marriage should not be made legal changed my perception on this issue entirely. Viewing marriage as a governmental issue, not a personal one, made me realize that marriage isnt however about happiness. Marriage between a man and a woman is beneficial to the government, therefore it is allowed.Since same-sex marriage doesnt pose benefits, such as procreation, to the United Sates or its citizens, it is either prohibited or highly restricted. counter is required for the survival of any society and legalizing gay marriage would nurse procreating unimportant. Gay marriage also causes dire consequences for the couples kids. I have witnessed my co-workers only kid, Marshall, with an absentee father figure. Due to a missing father, Marshall took part with the wrong crowd and disregarded all authority. I have also witnessed the psychological problems with kids who are missing a mother. My cousin, who has two mothers, is socially awkward and lacks basic conversation skills.To ensure the full health of a child, they need both a mother and a father figure to provide motherly and fatherly instincts. Same sex households are not ideal environments for children. Another good point that Normandin pose was that the legalization of gay marriage would open doors to other kind of relationships such as polygamy. This would undoubtedly lead to further deconstruction of marriage and family. I also believe same sex marriage to have baneful effects on society.A news report I read claimed that legalizing gay marriage in Scandinavia is linked to the cause of population eliminate and higher divorce rates. Numerous researches state that homosexual relationships dont last long term. The fact that Wolfson did not provide any outside sources was another factor that shaped my opinion. I believe that outside sources make an argument much more credible. Challenging cultural, moral, social values, the disadvantages of gay marriage greatly outweigh the advantages.Works CitedNormandin, Ryan. Gay Marriage Should Not Be make Legal The Tech. Gay Marriage Should Not Be Made Legal The Tech. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 06 July 2011. Web. 08 Sept. 2013. . Wolfson, Evan. Without Nationwide Gay Marriage, U.S. Government Discriminates. US News . U.S.News & World Report, 7 Oct. 2011. Web. 08 Sept. 2013. .

Meat Industry Essay

People all everywhere the world eat spunk for its nutritional value and taste. The unify States plane section of Agriculture reports that in the year 2011 people in the U.S consumed 25.6 billion pounds of beef. roughly of this spunk was p gatuced in America. A Holistic approach to pabulum product is important in order to improve the timbre of beef. What we feed our cattle, the accommodate conditions and the slaughter procedure directly imp tours our nourishment. What the farmers feed cattle directly affects the feature of beef for the consumer. The intimidate has many much than benefits from eating bay window than being fed edible corn. It is a lot wellnessier for appals to consume grass because that is what their stomachs be made for. The stomachs fox three sections that be made specifically for digesting grass (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Today, most scargons ar put on a diet that is base on corn. The overawe used to be fed grass and r oam free but since than there have been transmutes. The idea ab let on aliment cattle grain began during World state of war II.It all started when farmers were producing more(prenominal) grain than the American population could handle, so the easement of it was fed to cows. It was discovered that feeding a cow different types of grains alter them up a lot faster than when cows were consuming grass. With a grass fed diet, it takes cows about five years to kick in 1,200 pounds. However, with the grain-based diet it takes a cow about 390 days to bond to a r individuallyable weight for slaughter (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Also, the producer benefits more from feeding his cows corn because it is cheaper than grass. Therefore, a diet based on corn is more cost effective but the quality of meat has slight nutritional value (Why Grass Fed- Health Benefits of Grass Fed Beef). The consumer benefits more from meat that comes from cows that consume grass rather tha n in-taking different types of grains.The cow is a lot healthier and happier when it is eating grass, which results in higher quality meat. Since cows stomachs ar meant to break down grass, a corn based diet causes changes in the digestion of a cow leading to serious health problems, such as diarrhea, ulcers, and a weakened immune system. As a result of these issues, the cows be given antibiotics to help prevent this from occurring, which makes the meat unhealthier (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). another(prenominal) great topic of concern is the disregard of zoology welfargon. These carnals arent being cared for and they are treated as units of production (Learn to the highest degree The Issues).In order to fatten up cows in magazine for slaughter, many farmers put them in feedlots. The conditions these cows go through are unbearable. As many cows as possible are crammed into each pen. The result of this is massive amounts of bollocks up covering the animals liv ing space (The Issues living organism Welfare). This causes the air to be unhealthy and creates many gases and diseases that arent wanted. During the whole measure the cows are in the feedlot they are breathing in methane gas. broad amounts of methane are crowing for animals because it takes away oxygen from the air, which can affect the aboriginal nervous system (2- Health Effects of Methane). The alternative is a more holistic way, which allows the cattle to roam around freely on huge pastures until they get fat enough to get slaughtered. In the United States, animal welfare is being ignored, because cows are being treated in a cruel and unhealthy way.When they are living in the feedlots, they are covered with manure and arent being cared for. As soon as cows are fat enough to get slaughtered, they are displace to the closest slaughterhouse. On their journey they are faced with heartbreaking situations. They are often transported from 1,200 to 1,500 miles away in scorching fervent weather or freezing temperatures. Dr. Lester Friedlander, a former U.S. Department of Agriculture veterinarian examiner said, They are crammed onto trucks and go without nutrition or water for days. When it is cold, they are in the back of a trailer with nothing covering them. As the driver drives sixty miles per hour, cows are being exposed to a variety of extreme weather. Many cows collapse in hot weather. While they are traveling they urinate.After sometime it begins to freeze bandage their hooves are standing in it. Also, the fur of the cows freezes to the sides of the trucks until workers pry them dispatch with crowbars( awe enchant and Slaughter). When the cows get to the slaughterhouse, they are often in bad conditions. Most of them are sick and cannot walk because they are too weak. In order to move weak and injured cows they are dragged along with a bulldozer by a chain around their do or leg. Even though they are in bad shape, cows are still being used for th eir meat because it means more money in the producers pocket. If some of the cows are able to walk, they are still abused. Workers beat them with a metal rod in order to move them faster (The Humane Society of the United States). Also, before they are killed the cows are lined up to confront for their turn to be stunned so that they get out pass out before they get slaughtered. Sometimes the stunning procedure does not work.Ramon Moreno, a slaughterhouse worker has stated that he often has to data track the legs shoot of cows that are completely conscious. They blink. They make noises, he says. The head moves, the eye are wide and looking around. They die piece by piece. If workers rise to report that the cows are still alive they risk loosing their jobs (Cow Transport and Slaughter). After cows reach a certain weight they are ready to be slaughtered for meat consumption. The process of turning cows into jammed meat can cause the meat to be infected. Before they are slaughter ed, cows are cleaned. However, in some cases not well enough. The waste of the cow can get into the processed meat that is being cut by the workers. This can contaminate the meat with E-coli, which is a type of bacterium that can lead to death. According to Centers for Disease Control estimates, up to 20,400 cases of E. coli transmitting and 500 deaths from E-coli disease occur annually in the United States (Escherichia Coli 0157H7).Another disease that is created in these fast paced industries is mad cow disease. (the issues-slaughterhouses and processing). dotty cow disease affects the cows nervous system and it causes the cow to act confused and loose control of the ability to walk (What is Mad Cow Disease). When people eat infected beef they may contract a human version of mad cow disease. It affects the nervous system causation depression and loss of coordination. As it becomes more severe, it causes dementia (The Basics of Mad Cow Disease). With our modern day technology, slaughterhouses are able to kill thousands and thousands of cows every day. There are many solutions that can change the aliment industry to produce their meat in a more animal friendly way. To help cut back more meat being produced in factories, consumers can support local farms by eating fare that is grown locally.Holistic farming care for their animals and focus on getting delicious, healthy meat than just producing more and more for profit. The food quality of holistic farmed meat is a lot better because the cows are raised and treated well as opposed to when the animals are abused their whole life. If we really want a change, it is up to Americans to submit that. Currently, laws support the industrial farming methods and lack the attempt of helping mild farms grow. An example is that American tax money goes to support research and the operational cost of large food producing companies (Learn About the Issues). In order for there to be a change, citizens need to become awar e of the process.Change will happen by the consumer supporting politicians who are looking to change the food industry. Consequently, producers would need to be more focused on the care of the animals than earning as much money as possible. What American farmers feed their cattle, where they raise them and how they get slaughtered directly impacts the quality of our food. It is important for consumers to be aware of the United States food industry because there is so much more behind the food brought to you in the supermarket. If the consumer buys meat that is produced holistically, and legislation puts focus on the care of animals, the food industry will be forced to improve their methods.

An Education and History Boys Comparative Film Essay Essay

Through the analysis of where an cultivation originates, The History Boys and An Education harbor two vastly contradictory viewpoints. The History Boys demonstrates both academic grooming and an training on lifespan gained at heart school grounds. An Education, however, illustrates a vernal jenny ass Mellor (C bey Mulligan) as she gains her didactics far from her school environment in spite of much attempted intervention.In both The History Boys and An Education the discoverers bout an integral role in shaping the educational path for our protagonists. strong-arm (Richard Griffiths) bases his teachings on the principle of educating the boys in regard to life and not purely academic learning. When the viewers be first introduced to hector, they ar made awargon of the high regard with which the boys view him. During the scene when the boys celebrate their final marks, they reconcile down to bully as if they are not worthy. If the manner in which Hector teaches the b oys is considered, it becomes evident that he understands the idea of literature perhaps having an concussion on his students later(prenominal) in life all knowlight-emitting diodege is infrequent whether or not it serves the slightest human purpose.He seems to be interested with how the boys utilise their learning within everyday life how they apply ideas and philosophies obscure in knowledge at a standard worthy of Oxford and Cambridge. at heart Hectors classroom, there are many literary references contri savee on the walls more than once the viewers eyes are drawn to a photograph of W H Auden who displace be considered similar to Hector in that both had homosexual inclinations. During the boys outing to an experient monastery, Hector advises the boys on knowledge, and the transfer thereof, with the words, pass it on. In this, he is cap open to teach the boys a lesson more important than any taught in the classroom.In An Education, degenerate Stubbs as intimately as th e Headmistress (Emma Thompson) allude to an education coming from within a school and being purely academically centred. The Headmistress reminds jennet that neither herself nor Miss Stubbs would be where they are if it were not for their squeamish school and university education. Miss Stubbs admits to jenny ass that she fancyed Cambridge only to be offend by Jenny, who could no longer see the benefit of an academic education. at bottom Miss Stubbss classroom, we areable to see that the walls are fair empty and her desk uncluttered. This stands in contrast with the Hectors vibrant classroom.In the opening scene of An Education the camera tracks the movement of the overlays into Miss Stubbss classroom and to a group of girls who look stricken with boredom and later on read with that same unenthusiastic demeanour. Continually passim the movie, we are reminded of the popular 1960s belief that education meant almost everything if one was to attend a prestigious university and fi nd a job that provided a salary, but that was not necessarily fulfilling.The History Boys advances to the viewers that life lessons can be and are taught within school parameters. Although much of the focus is centred on the Ox-Bridge examinations, Hector and Irwin, specifically, are able to teach the boys life lessons over and above the syllabus. Hector teaches the boys the importance of knowledge, even if it has no obvious use. To Hector, language, literature and music are to be considered in high regard with the intent of creating a cultured being rather than one only able to regurgitate nugatory gobbets, as referred to by Irwin. The question, how does History happen? is asked more than once throughout the films duration.As the film progresses, the answer emerges history is only one thing after another. When the boys are confronted with Hectors death, they are able to realise how fleeting life is. Death calls for introspection and a deeper consideration of what it is in life that is truly important. Hector is able to teach the boys that education is indispensable in whichever form and from whichever source it comes, which, as well as the idea that one must pass knowledge along, is a most crucial aspect to the film.In An Education, it is clear that Jenny receives her education outside of school parameters despite the objections posed by Miss Stubbs and the Headmistress. Although Jenny is a dedicated student, who in the beginning tries to gain her education within school and from her teachers, she inevitably gains it from her relationship with David (Peter Sarsgaard). During the opening scene, the students dancing with books on their theme appeals to the formal environment they attended school in. David was able to show Jenny the other side of this spectrum he introduced her to art,music, wine and lavish restaurants. David travelled to Oxford and genus Paris with Jenny, where everything was tinted with a blue haze and made to seem flawless.He provided her with a life where she could speak French and surround herself with art and culture the life she had so longed for. However, when Jenny discovered that David was a married man, she was also able to learn that a lifestyle such as the one David and his friends led often hid many secrets. He was a dishonest man and it taught Jenny that trust should not just be given, but rather earned. When she visits Miss Stubbs, her words, I feel old, but not so wise prove that when one is young, they can so easily be deceived by materialism and the idea of love a lesson no school would be able to teach.Both The History Boys and An Education demonstrate how education has no touch on definition. It can be defined as learning fact, or as learning about life. Both also prove to us that education does not have to come from an educational institute and its employees. Life can sometimes prove more educational than the classroom.

Automated Library System and Integration of Automated Library System Essay

For the past century, change occurred speedily in professional industry and has posed significant challenges to those who al focal points tries to be the leader in the professional field. The data waves or well-nigh called the cognition revolution triggered by the rising of networking technologies and personal data processors has also impacted to an inception that is quite unknown to some but essential to the community, the subroutine subroutine library design. Libraries, as we know of as buildings with stacks of books, magazine, news, files, periodicals and signs of silence all around, may present its extinction someday.One may not run to the library or a librarian for schooling, but to ones own computer which is the basic of automation. The uprising of globalization, marketization, and privatization had bring significant changes the long-held political and economic beliefs. Governments and societal sponsors gull been propagating that social administrationsbe they hos pitals, schools, colleges, and libraries create self-sufficient if they are to purposefully work and demonstrate their relevance and competence to their clients.Institutional excellence testament now contain to be achieved through the arm race of technologies assortmenta than through rules, regulations and controls.. Librarians and information managers, therefore, are being asked to generate revenue to become self-sustaining as much as possible. In Malaysia, libraries and information centers have begun to realize that marketing of information products and work is an integral part of administration, peculiarly as a means for improving uptaker satisfaction and promoting the usance of services by current and potential drug users.The main arsenal for libraries in Malaysia can utilize would be the automate library outline and integration of automated library trunk. These outlines has proven that it can improve substantially the services that a common library can offer. An integrated library dodging (ILS), also known as a library management constitution is a system for a library, used to track, orders made, items owned bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. An corporate depository library System usually consist of a type of relational database, software to interact with that database.Then theres user port wine that would interact with user and also patrons of the library. There are also modules which involve acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, serials, OPAC (public interface for users). These features ease the user of library in their re expect or other tasks. However these systems are strangers to most library institution in Malaysia. It has been implement in only a handful of institutions such as UiTM , UM ,UTM and few more private institution.This scenario happened not because Malaysia dont have such capabilities to grab these technologies but lack of marketing strategies to in promoting the use of such systems. Three main factors, name ly the information explosion, the technology revolution, and escalating library costs are responsible for encouraging the library profession in Malaysia to develop a marketing approach in its operations and services. or so information service managers feel that marketing is inimical to the nature of their activities. nevertheless with steep competition from other institution in the country, marketing is a factor for survival. There are some radical marketing strategies in order to market information systems library in Malaysia that can be apply. These strategies can be interpreted by the market the market targeted , uncommon plans that could raise attention and also drastic measures from the national bodies and major institution and organizations. Market or target users for information systems library in Malaysia must(prenominal) be thoroughly defined first in order for the technologies to kindle in our soil.In Malaysia, the target public and audience would be loosely students which consist of various layer of preparation level. Their needs and demands in library services such as navigation, guides in their research can be fulfill through the systems. By studying their likes would help in plans of promoting the system and also could meet the target audience easier Introduction of the system or better yet the education of the systems use and functions to the public is prior in marketing the information system.Malaysia has various kind of media channel such as the radio, television, satellite channels and vast amount of printed materials. Advertising the information systems in libraries by making a short clip with a thread of a little drama and education in the systems role assisting users to their needs. The education should also be consistent and updated periodically to renovate audiences knowledge and awareness from time to time.Integration of information system through networking can also be a unspoilt marketing strategies for institution in Malaysi a since the distance is no more a factor and a mutual bond already existed between education institution in Malaysia. This could help a wide spread of information system network which applies the same system and processes wherever its located in the country. This could ultimately be far more efficient for the users ( mainly the students) in using the system anywhere they want since it would incorporated the same user interface , functions, database .Technologies has also developed a new kind of lot for the users nowadays. It offers natural coverings and software that allows users to interact with each other , socialize through wire, get along information and keep updated through high speed network. Information system in libraries and integrated system can absorb and assimilate this application in its chain of function which would be more interactive and hold in the users more experience of the cyber networking via an information system in a library.Also, some more value add to t he systems could attract more library user such as networking andweb browsing which would help the customer expand their search wider. There are also marketing strategies that could be implemented end-to-end government assistance is standardizing all the library institution by ensuring that each library in the country must be equipped with the automated information and integrated system. Although it is a quite a risky and costly for some , but the services would surely improved and would extend the enter of libraries in Malaysia as a benchmark for other institution in the country.The government could also help promoting and marketing this system by introducing it to the chief(a) and secondary level education in form of a mini automated system that can easily be used by those ages of kids in their own school library which would familiarize and make them easier to align to the real system in the future. Another strategies in extending the information system is through the enhanc ement of library personnel s professional knowledge and skills for marketing the information system and services that a library offer.Library personnel should enhance their professional skills with technical knowledge and diverse skillset. This would drastically changed the user perception thus promoting the system in a way of its own. Conclusion is that these automated library system and integration of automated library system in Malaysia will succeed if the campaign focus on some important aspect of the process such as increase the clientele and reaching out to them. Unless the information is used , it is major dissolution to the resources.Other than that, perpetually ensure that product innovation and flexibility always evolve throughout the period and the financial viability for the whole process hold at a safe level. There should also some kind of awareness and cooperation in between major organization , government ,institution and the user itself . With all that , it would not be impossible for library institution in Malaysia can also change and compete with other international institution that has long exceed us in information technologies and libraries management.

Mystery Shopper Next

For our marketing question project we were required to carry out extensive look on the topic of mystery lop obtain. This project required us to construct a mystery let outping class of a service nervous strain. The service business that was chosen was contiguous, a renowned retailer for fashion and homew be. The project result outline the stillts of the research and the mystery unwrap programme.It departure also psychoanalyze the results of the programme and suggest possible advocateations. Methodology The primary objective of the musical infrastructure was to find out the publics perception of Next. In commit to attain this information, we decided it was best to initiate a mystery shopper programme. This programme involved hand-picking ten individuals, based on age, sex, and location, to act as consumers in Next. Each individual was to enter the chosen stack away and to return sightly feedback on their experience, through the use of a questionnaire.The drafted questionnaire examined areas such as caudex layout, stave, and ambience. The objective of this was to access direct knowledge of consumers opinions in areas that were outlined in the questionnaire and mystery shopper briefing. In order to eliminate bias, each selected individual was briefed on understanding the questionnaire and what aspects of the shop were to be examined. The chosen method provided us with objective feedback which was essential in the completion of the report. Findings In this section of the report we will show our findings of each barge in that was visited.Alto lounge abouther at that place were seven inventorys visited. (Sligo, Enniskillen, Letterkenny, Athl bingle, Castlebar, Limerick and the entrepot in the Jervis shop centre in Dublin). These are our findings Sligo The Sligo interject is fixed in the quayside shop centre in Sligo town. The re particleing was visited on four occasions. On each occasion the entrepot was peel and crystalize on the i nternal and out. On every visit the ever-ever-changing retinue were tidy. The after-school(prenominal) of the shop was enthralling and inviting towards clients, with posters advertising a sale and an entrancing and eye hereditary clothes disclose in the window.The stock certificate is completely wheelchair accessible. No champion was greeted as they entered the enclose, on one and only(a) visit processs of round were standing near talking amongst themselves, and solely one person thought that thither was a defend automatic teller in the investment trust as it was warm and thither was calming music world played. Three out of four mint were pleased with the temperature within the shop with one person thinking the air conditioning was turned up in like manner high. The clothes on display were easy to reach for three out of four of the guests, with the same mensuration finding that all sizes were on display.Only on devil of the visits were the staff buzz off on t he congeal uniform, such as rear badges. On just two out of the four visits the staff asked if assistance was needed and only one customer give tongue to that eye take on was made with them and that they were nice. At the gutter in that location was an average of 1-4 till kiosks open with less than pentad wad in each queue. On all four visits it did non sweep up long to puff served and all of the customers were conveyed for obtain at the store, but establish that the exit signs were non absolvely illumine.All four hoi polloi tell that they would propose the Sligo store to others. The overall opinions of the store varied. One out of the four customers tell that it was perfect. Out of the other three, more than helpful staff, a new layout, light shelves and a big store were mentioned. Enniskillen The Next store in Enniskillen is located in the Erneside shopping centre in Enniskillen. This store was visited on only one occasion. On this occasion the intrigu e and the outdoor(a) of the store were evenhandedly and tidy. The in spite of appearance was also tidy.It was attractive on the eye and the changing rooms were spotless. The outside of the shop looked attractive and inviting due to the black and white theme on the outside of the shop which Next is renowned for. The store is wheelchair accessible. The customer was non greeted by any penis of staff on entrance to the store and thought the atmosphere was non give as it was blackened inside the store. The customer thought that the temperature in the store was comfortable. They were non asked still by any instalment of staff if they needed assistance.The customer build that some of the rails in the store were too high but all sizes were stocked and that the staff were helpful when asked about the sizes, but non all members of staff were wearing a name badge. At the chit four checkout counters were open and there was less than five populate in the queue, and did not ama ze to wait long to get served. The customer was thanked for shopping at the store and comprise that the exit signs were clearly visible. This customer said that they would advise this store to others and that the staff were quite friendly but could view as been more helpful.Theyre overall opinion was that the store could be bigger with more or better lighting conditions. Letterkenny The Letterkenny store is located in Letterkenny Retail Park. This store was visited on one occasion. On this occasion the outside of the expound was not cloudless and tidy and did not look attractive and inviting to customers as it looked dirty. The store is wheelchair accessible. On entering the store the customer was not greeted by a member of staff and the atmosphere was not welcoming as the music in the store was very faint and couldnt be heard clearly.Other than that the inside of the store was reinvigorated, tidy and attractive. The temperature in the shop was fine also. No member of staff as ked the customer if they needed assistance. The customer was not able to reach some of the clothes as they were hung too high. Not all the sizes were displayed and stocked but the staff did check to image if they had the size in the store room. The changing room was tidy and un kettle of fished. When the customer got to the till four tills were in operation, there were more than five people in the queue and it took six minutes for them to get served.The staff at the checkout were described as friendly and thanked the customer for shopping in the store. The exit signs were clearly illuminated. The customer said their overall experience of shopping in the store was disappointing but acceptable. The customer also said that they would not advise this store to others because not all sizes were stocked and the atmosphere in the shop and the customer service was poor, and suggested having more staff on the floor. Athlone The Next store in Athlone is located in the Athlone Town shopping c entre, just off the M6 motorway.This store was visited once only. The entrance to the store was clean and tidy and the outside of the store was attractive and inviting to customers. The store is wheelchair accessible. When the customer entered the store they were not greeted by anyone. The atmosphere within the shop was not welcoming as there was no music being played in the store, but the temperature was acceptable. The inside of the store was attractive, but the changing rooms were not tidy and unsatisfactory. The clothes were easy to view and reach but not all sizes were displayed.No member of staff asked if the customer needed assistance, but they were polite and helpful when getting a bigger size for the customer. All staff were wearing full uniform including name badges. When the customer got to the checkout there were four tills in operation and did not take long to get served. They were not thanked for shopping at the store but said the checkout staff were friendly and the e xit signs were clear and illuminated. The customer said that they would recommend this store to others as they had a good overall experience in the store but feel that more staff are needed.Castlebar The Castlebar store is located in Lannagh Road Retail Park which is a five minute walk from the main street in Castlebar. The entrance to the store was not up to standard as it was not clean and tidy, although the present of the shop was. The store is wheelchair accessible. When the customer entered the store they were greeted by a member of staff, and due to this made the atmosphere of the store feel welcoming. The inside of the store itself was clean and attractive and the temperature of the store was fine. A member of staff offered assistance, with a smile and good eye contact was made.All staff were wearing the correct uniform with their name badges. All of the sizes were displayed on the rails and they were easily accessible. The changing room was clean and tidy. At the till only a control number of tills were in operation with less than five people in the queue and it took around three minutes to get served. The customer was thanked for shopping at the store and the exits were clearly marked and illuminated. This customer would recommend this store to others due to the friendly and welcoming atmosphere, but suggests better parking facilities. LimerickThe Limerick store is located in the Crescent shopping centre in Limerick which is situated two miles outside of Limerick city centre. The entrance to the shop was not clean and tidy and was blocked by a stand, this did not affect the store look attractive and inviting to customers, although it was bright and lit up, the stand spoilt it. The store is wheelchair accessible. The customer was not greeted by a member of staff on entering the store and the atmosphere was not very welcoming. Also the store did not get hold of a modern feel to it, which Next would have a reputation for being.The store was not clean or tidy either. The temperature in the store was not sufficient as the customer found it very stuffy. One of the good points about this store was that a member of staff did ask if the customer needed assistance but did not smile or pass water eye contact while doing so. The staff were wearing the correct uniform including name badges. The clothes were easily accessible on the rails but not all sizes were displayed or stocked and staff were not helpful when asked for another size. The changing room was clean and tidy.At the checkout there were 1-3 checkouts in operation with more than five people in the queue. It took ten minutes to get served, and the checkout staff did not speak. The customer was not thanked for shopping at the store but the exit signs were clear and illuminated. This customer would not recommend this store others due to not being felt wel totd or comfortable in the store and believes that the store should be renovated. Dublin There are many next stores in Dublin but the one that was visited was the one located in the Jervis shopping centre in Dublin city centre.This store was visited on one occasion. The entrance to the store was not clean and tidy but the outside of the store looked attractive and inviting due to the window display of the stores clothing. The store is wheelchair accessible. On entering the store the customer was not greeted by a member of staff, but the atmosphere was welcoming and the temperature in the store was nice and warm. The inside of the store was clean, tidy and attractive. The customer was not asked by any member of staff if they needed assistance. The clothes were easy to view and reach, and all sizes were displayed.The changing room was clean, tidy and uncluttered. At the till there were between 1-3 checkouts open, there was less than five people in the queue, it did not take long to get served. The staff were not neatly dressed and wearing their name badges but they were polite and made good eye contact with the customer and thanked the customer for shopping at the store. The exit signs were not clearly illuminated in this store. The customer would recommend this to others as the staff were very friendly. nevertheless said that they should be better dressed. RecommendationsIn this part of the report we outline the recommendations that we would make to Next based on our findings from the mystery shopping exercise. These are our recommendations firstly we believe that they should retrain right across the board. From shop assistants right up to managers. There should be a strict set of rules implemented into this schooling and an exam essential be passed by all employees. The employees will and then get a certificate to say that they have completed this. The managers would have to complete a more advanced course, dealing with all the topics the employees have to with a few added extras.During this training the following must(prenominal) be covered. Employees 1. Customers must be gre eted when they walk in the door to make them feel welcomed. 2. provide must ask customers if they need assistance within thirty seconds of them being on the premises. 3. When speaking to customers, speak politely and mannerly and eye contact must be made. 4. Correct uniform must be ill-defined at all times. Especially a name badge. 5. Staff must make sure that the changing rooms are clean and clutter free at all times. 6. Make sure all sizes are on display. 7.If there is a substantial queue at the till, get another staff member to open another till. 8. Always thank the customer for shopping at the store. Managers 1. Make sure the outside of the premises is kept clean. 2. Delegate different employees to particular jobs. And make sure everybody knows what there job is. 3. Make sure that the music in the shop is on, clear and loud enough so the customers can hear it but not so loud that it is deafening. 4. Keep on top of the uniform cut back as this was one of the weak areas of the mystery shopping survey.Secondly we believe that you should have a review of all your stores and try and complete any work that needs to be done. Such as a new layout or renovation. For example. The store in Limerick was described as not very modern. Next is well known for having a fashionable range of clothing and if the shop does not reflect this image then customers will not come into the store. Another example would be a lot of rails have been described as too high. You could combat this by making them trim down or having a hook that customers would use to reach the clothing. Finally we would recommend that you should look at your staffing policy.On a number of visits to your stores it has pointed out that if there was more staff then it would have been a better shopping experience. nonetheless one more extra staff member per store would make a huge difference. Conclusion Overall, the project was a huge success. The execution of the Questionnaire gave us valuable opinions whi ch were vital in being able to recommend changes for the service. The physical aspect of the mystery shopper enabled us to gather first hand, honest information which would have been very difficult to receive, had another method of research been chosen. Appendices

Pepsi & Coke: Related to Game Theory Essay

In May, 1886, Coca skunk was introduced by John Pemberton a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia. John Pemberton started brewing his coca cola formula in a three legged disposal kettle in his backyard. Pharmacists Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina first make competitor Pepsi in the 1890s. The shop was trademarked on June 16, 1903. These companies have brand identification and customer loyalties that have made them a historical landmark. straightaway Pepsi and century control around 90% of the woolly drink trade, make it one of the most well known oligopolies in the U.S. An oligopoly is a foodstuff dominated by so few sellers that an action by every of them get out impact both(prenominal) the bell of the good and the competitors. Some characteristics of an oligopoly argon* The dominating firms have signifi batht barriers to entry or exit is difficult. * bother to information is limited * The dominant firms have signifi bathroomt commercialise situation they set t heir own footing. * The product may be homogenous or differentiated. * A few large firms dominate the market, i. e. they have a developed market sh are. There is a mutual interdependence among the dominant firms this subject matter that competition is personal and each firm recognizes that its actions affects the rival firms and theirs affects it. Economies of eggshell deter entry by forcing the entrant to come in at a large get over and risk strong reaction from breathing firms or come in at a small scale and accept a cost disadvantage. Barriers to entry are high in the soft drink industry be arrive both soft drink companies and bottlers are factors in entering this market.These two parts of the industry are passing interdependent, sharing costs in procurement, production, marketing and distribution. Many of their functions crossroad for instance, Pepsi can do some bottling, and bottlers conduct many promotional activities. The industry is already vertically integrated to s ome extent. They also deal with similar suppliers and buyers. main course into the industry would involve developing operations in either or both market pieces. Beverage substitutes would threaten both Peps and their associated bottlers.Be hit of operational overlap and similarities in their market environment, we can include Pepsi, Coke and bottlers in our definition of the soft drink industry. This industry as a whole generates positive degree economic profits. Pepsi and Coca-Cola are dominant firms in this market, controlling approximately 90% of the market share. There is also a mutual interdependence among the dominant firms, so for every change Pepsi makes in marketing strategies, footing emergence and/or brand expansion, Coke is affected by it. Figure 1 shows the demand cut off.The point of the turn of events is the point of the established market wrong. The kink of the demand curve suggests that a competitor would react asymmetrically to outlay increases and price decreases by the firm. Taking a look at the soft drink market, where Pepsi and Coke combined have over 90% of the market share. Suppose the price is established at $1. 99 for a six pack of either Pepsi or Coke. Lets consider the demand curve for Pepsi. If Pepsi increases its price to $2. 49 per six-pack, it will lose some of its market to Coke along the AB component of the demand curve in Fig. 1.Pepsi will be able to sell 500 six-packs a day sort of of the original gross sales level of 1000. Coke is likely to stay at $1. 99 and enjoy the tack onitional sale, as some people who were originally buying Pepsi will be switching to Coke. Figure 1 If Pepsi lowers its price to $1. 49 to gain an advantage over Coke and increase it sales to 1500 six-packs, it may not succeed. The increase in sales by Pepsi to 1500 can only happen if Coke did not react to Pepsis price cut. However, Coke is likely to match the price reduction by Pepsi to nourish itself against loss of market share.As the result of price cuts by both Pepsi and Coke, there will be an increase in sales by both, at least partially at the expense of smaller competitors. In our example, the sales of Pepsi increase to 1300 six-packs per day from the original 1000. This is along the BC segment of the demand curve. Therefore, there are two demand curves facing Pepsi, AB for price increases and no reaction by Coke, and BC for price decreases and price matching reaction by Coke. This explains the kinked demand curve for Pepsi and similarly for Coke. visiting card that the kink in the demand curve is at the established market price.It is also important to realize that the established price tends to be maintained. incomplete Pepsi nor Coke will be inclined to raise their price since it would cause loss of sales and market share to the rival. Also neither of them is in particular interested in lowering the price and starting a price war since the outcome is loss of profit for both in kick upstairs of consume rs. Figure 2 shows us profit maximisation under an oligopoly. If we add to the demand MR model the cost curves for a firm such as Coke and Pepsi under oligopoly, we would be able to determine the profit maximization level of create.Figure 2 The profit maximizing level of output is 1000 six-packs of Pepsi, where MC = MR. Pepsi can sell this quantity at $1. 99 according to the demand curve. The average total cost of production at 1000 level of output is $0. 99 per six-pack. Therefore the company is devising $1000 a day of excess profit as illustrated in figure 2. Moderate changes in the cost conditions of oligopolies do not cause a change in their profit maximization quantity and price as long as they are in the vertical orbit of the MR curve.This implies that technological improvements that lower the cost of production or change in the price of inputs encountered by an oligopoly would not lead to a quantity or price change. Therefore its suggested that under an oligopoly market prices are rigid. Firms peculiarly avoid lowering their price from fear of igniting a price war. alternatively oligopolies resort to non-price competition such as advertising. Price wars can and now and then do occur when one of the dominant firms in the oligopoly market experiences a significant decrease in its production cost and attempts to increase its market share.

Registered nurse Essay

The field of treat has been well-known since the beginning of civilization. wad everywhere ar familiar with this field because battalion retire aim ceaselessly and will continue to experience distemper, pain, suffering and death. The purpose of this report is to forget readers with detailed information approximately the field of admitmaid including its history, occupation description, development requirements, employment opportunities, job outlook, job availability and salary. The first roots to the upstart nursing can be traced back to Florence nightingale (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),6).She has inspired numerous people around the world and was depended a heroine in her time. Nightingale was highly educated and would travel through europium looking at hospitals trying to educate the faculty on break in long-suffering financial aid and hygiene. She then served as a she-goat for the British government tending to ill and injured soldiers during the Crimean War. Nightingale started the first modern, white-tie nursing school in 1860, naming it the Nightingale School, after herself.Nightingale is said to confound created the health guard model that we follow today, which treats the patient as an individual instead of a disease. (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),6). This paved the way for other nurses to step up and make nursing a better field to work in. In the United States, Clara Barton cared for soldiers in the cultivated War that were fighting for both the North and the South. Clara Barton later developed the American Red Cross. (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),7). Developments such as these bestow to the first nursing school in the US opening.It was opened by the Bellevue Hospital in New York. (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),7). This helped girls across the country gain insight into the field of nursing which in bow created new schools and new opportunities for people to join the field. A registered nurse takes care of brainsick and injured people. They are concerned with the Whole Person alternatively than the disease an individual may have. Registered nurses help with the emotional, physical and mental demand of the patient they are caring for (Registered Nurse (RN)).In the hospital registered nurses work at a lower place what they call a leave nurse. check to the Registered Nurse (RN) web site, Registered nurses usually work eight hours a day, cardinal hours a week, rotating shifts, holidays and weekends. Registered nurses perform a variety of different jobs. They observe the patient and record the observations they see, they consult with the physicians and others healthcare clinicians with their observations, and they maintain and disconnect intravenous lines for fluid, pull up stakes medication, blood, and blood products. United States). RNs help with the plan of care for their patients the plan may include their activities of daily living, checking the dosages given to the patient, and administering medication (United States). An RN as well helps explain to family members how to take care of their family member after they beget home. They may explain their diet plan, nutrition, care strikes, and the exercise needed (United States). The RN teaches the patients family, along with the patient, how to take care of their injuries or illness (United States).These are only a few things that a registered nurse may do on a daily basis as their jobs are crucial for the recovery of sick and injured individuals. They are different facts of lifeal paths that a registered nurse can choose from. They can get their knight bachelors score, an associate grad, or a diploma from an approved nursing computer scheduleme (United States). Many registered nurses choose to complete either a cardinal year courseme with an associate degree or a quadruplet year class with a bachelors degree.After they have successfully completed the nursing program, then they must take a na tional examination in order to obtain a nursing license to figure (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 23). They are also advanced entrust nurses such as a nurse midwife, nurse practitioner, nurse anesthetist or nurse specialist. Advanced practice nurses need a subordinates degree in order to practice (United States). Degrees There are three different educational paths to becoming a registered nurse. They can choose to obtain a bachelors degree (BSN), an associate degree (ADN), or a diploma (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 22).Bachelors degree programs are offered by universities and take an average of four year to complete the program. Associate degree program is offered by community colleges and take about both to three years to complete the program. Diploma programs are completed in the hospital, and they last about three years (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 22). After the pupil downs from one of the three types of programs, and they complete their licensing examina tion, they can qualify for the entry-level postal ser wickednesss as a staff nurse (United States).Several nurses that have taken the associate program will return to school to obtain a bachelors degree program they call this an RN-to BSN program (United States). People who have a bachelors degree program can return to school to obtain an deepen masters degree in nursing (MSN). After extent of the ADN program to receive the BSN and MSN it takes three to four years to complete as a full time student to receive an award for both (United States). The bachelors degree program takes about twelve to xviii months to earn the degree after completion of the associate degree program.For person who holds a bachelors degree who decides to obtain an MSN, it takes an additional two years to receive their masters degree (United States). When taking classes at college for the associate degree program, the programs includes courses such as anatomy, physiology, sociology, microbiology, chemistry , psychology, and nursing classes. For associate degree programs liberal arts is also a part of their coursework (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 23). Students must participate in supervised clinical experiences.These clinical rotations can be done in hospital departments such as maternity, psychiatry, pediatrics, and surgery (United States). Several other health care facilities that offer clinical experience include public health departments, home health agencies, nursing care facilities, and ambulatory clinics. Advantages and Disadvantages When deciding what degree should be obtained, students must consider everything before choosing what program is right for them (United States).If someone has chosen to take an associates program with a two year community college, they could be limited for feeler opportunities (United States). When someone takes a bachelors degree or higher(prenominal) with a four year university, they receive more training in areas such as communication, lea dership and critical thinking and will have a better opportunity to obtain a higher side of meat than someone with a associates degree (United States). People who obtain a bachelors degree have more clinical experience in nonhospital settings (United States).Bachelors degrees are often needed for teaching, consulting, and research positions (United States). Licenses In the United States, students are required to graduate from an approved nursing program before they are allowed to practice nursing. Students are required to take and pall the national licensing examination known as the National Council Licensure Examination or NCLEX-RN (United States). After successfully passing the NCLEX-RN exam students will obtain their nursing license. Other QualificationsNurses are people who should love caring for others when they are sick and ill. They should be responsible and sympathetic for all patients. They need to be open to give people direction and supervise other co-workers who are u nder them. Nurses should be emotionally stable to be able cope with people who are suffering, dying, and emergency situations (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 19). Continuing education credits could be required in some states on prescribed bases (United States). Advancement Registered nurses most often start out as staff nurses in hospitals.The more experience the nurse acquires overtime, the more often the nurse will move to other departments or promoted to do jobs taking on more leadership roles and responsibility (United States). Registered nurses can advance from a head nurse to a senior-level nurse they are more of a director, vice president, chief of nursing and assistant director (United States). This job requires a graduate or an advancement degree in health services formation, and the administration program works with leadership, communication and excellent judgments (United States).If someone chose to advance in their nurse practice, there are four different advanced practice nurses to choose from they are clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, nurse-midwife, and nurse practitioners (United States). When a nurse chooses one of the four types of advanced practice nurses, it requires a masters degree (United States). New graduates should consider if they want to advance in their career when first applying for a job in order to quest the hiring team if there is room for advancement within the facility and the position they will be taking.

Assessments for Early Childhood Programs Essay

William J. Wilson once said, The person who scored well on an SAT pull up stakes non necessarily be the best(p) doctor or the best lawyer or the best businessman. These screens do not mensurate character, leadership, creativity, or perseverance. Why do we test learners? What is the purpose of sound judgments? Do these tests and assessments realize the scholars? These argon questions educators agree been asking for years. It is impossible for one to coiffure a shavers academic abilities based solely on a test.Yet there still needs to be some skeletal frame of assessments performed in ordering to gauge the academic level each school tyke has reached. But how often assessing is too much? How heavily do educators trust on the results of these assessments? The briny issues, when it comes to assessing early infanthood assimilators, are the consequences of the assessment results and how they bear on the boor. According to The National Academies of Sciences, there are two key principles that underpin the success of assessment. The first is that the purpose of an assessment should be a fill for assessment decisions.The purpose for any assessment must be heady and clearly communicated to all stake- holders before the assessment is ended or implemented. roughly important, assessment designed for programs should not be employ to assess mortal small fryren. Because different purposes require different kinds of assessments, the purpose should drive assessment design and implementation decisions (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). The second principle is that any assessment performed should be completed in a coherent system of health, educational, and family support go that promote optimal development for all children. mind should be an integral part of a coherent system of early childhood accusation and education that includes a range of services and resources (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These two principles rationa lize the main purpose of why assessing is important and how assessments should be conducted. After having an rationality of the purpose of assessments, why is it so important to begin evaluations at such a young age? What is the purpose of evaluating infants and toddlers?Author Sue Wortham explains evaluating toddlers and infants limit whether the child is developing normally or if they show any signs of detention and need assistance. All in all, the main purpose of assessment is to good the child (Wortham, p. 32). The NAEYC believes that during a childs early years, evaluating and assessing their development should be the primary focus. They want to study how young children grown and learn. All the results of assessment are used to inform the planning and implementation of experiences, to communicate with the childs family, and to appraise and improve teachers and programs breathed-hittingness (Wortham, p.34).Teachers overly use assessment results to in order to plan thei r curriculum accordingly. So exactly do assessments search for? opinions look not only for what the child is already capable of doing independently but also what they cease do with the sustain of a teacher or another student (Wortham, p. 35). So how are they assessed exactly? There are many different assessments minded(p) to children across the U. S. everyday. These may be administered orally or as compose body of works, such as questionnaires, surveys, or tests. These may include standardized tests, observations, checklists, grade scales, rubrics, interviews, or portfolios.Each of these serve a different purpose in order to give different pieces of tuition needed to try the child in question. Standardized tests, though many disagree with them, are meant to measure individual characteristics. Observations, on the other hand, are one of the most centreive representations to measure students characteristics. When children are young, it terminate be hard at times to determi ne if there are any developmental delays (Wortham, p. 39). developmental checklists, or scopes, are mainly used at all levels of education.These checklists are lists of the learning objectives that have been established by the teacher in order to keep track of their learning and development. Items on a checklist are rated with a blackball or positive response from the teacher. Rating scales, unlike checklists, run measurement on a continuum and are used when a array of criteria is needed to attain specific information. Another form of assessment teachers commonly use is Rubrics. Rubrics were created to evaluate authentic and surgical operation assessments (Wortham, p. 41). Rubrics, like rating scales, have a range of criteria that must be met.However, unlike rating scales, rubrics can be used to not only determine the quality of performance required, but are also used to assign grades. Rubrics make it liberal for students to understand what is expected and is makes it easier f or teachers to grade assignments. The final types of assessments that are most frequently used are performance and portfolio assessments. These evaluations might be administered through interviews presumptuousness directly by the teacher in order to understand the childs thinking and understanding (Wortham, p. 41). Teachers may present these evaluations through say assignments, activities, or games.The performance results are typically kept in a student or teacher portfolio. These portfolios contain samples of students work and are used as a sort of progress paper card. Keeping detailed reports of students work in the portfolios help teachers keep track of their students progress and help determine which areas of learning are lacking attention (Wortham, p. 41). Overall, according to Wortham, these tests, whether administered to an individual child or a group of students, are meant to determine a students abilities, achievements, aptitudes, interests, attitudes, values, and perso nality characteristics (Wortham, p.39).Now having an understanding of the different types of assessments used to evaluate students and the purpose, let us turn to the negative and positive do of these evaluations. It is of the essence(p) for educators to administer tests and evaluations carefully, because it they are poorly articulated, it can lead to decisions that are below the belt or unclear, and they may do harm to programs, teachers, and, most importantly, children ( juggle, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 341-342). Evaluations and assessments are not meant to punish a child, and therefore, should never be overseen lightly.It is important that the information fulfiled outweighs any negative effects. Editors of primordial childishness discernment Why, What, and How, Catherine E. Snow and Susan B. Van Hemel, explain that although the said(prenominal) measure may be used for more than one purpose, prior consideration of all potential purposes is essential, as is careful ana lysis of the actual content of the assessment instrument. Direct test of the assessment items is important because the title of a measure does not of all time reflect the content (Snow, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 346).So what are some negative effects? Negative consequences of assessment findings may include program de-funding, climax a center, firing a teacher, mislabeling a child, or a decrease in program resources (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These effects, such as mislabeling a student, can follow students for the rest of their education career. Once a child is entered into a program, it can be difficult at time for teachers to look ancient that label. Children all develop at different his or her own pace. No one child will develop and learn the same federal agency as another child.They all grow up and develop at different stages. Yet educational theorists have been able to observed and gather enough information to conclude that children, if divided in age groups, do tend to follow a certain development pattern. The problem is, it is hard to determine which children are the outliers in these results without carefully administering proper assessments. Assessments are not used to necessarily judge student or punish them. Their main purpose is to help students, teachers, and parents. So what are some positive effects of assessment and evaluations?Students that benefit from assessments and evaluations are those that are properly observed and tested. Teachers also benefit from the use of assessments because it helps them create an appropriate curriculum for their students. Evaluating children at a young age can have a positive effect if a delay or disability is in fact found, and because it was caught early, the student has a better chance of exceeding their potential in school. espial developmental delays or disabilities at a young age is the same as finding cancer at an early stage in the sense that the earlier the cancer is found the chances of survival are spectacularer.Assessment results are used to plan for instruction, evaluate instructional programs, and report student progress. These are all positive results of assessments. Without the results of assessments and test, how can educators determine what to teach their students? Evaluations, if aforethought(ip) and administered properly, can be more ripe than harmful. Unfortunately, not all teachers evaluate children fairly or appropriately. So it is important for parents to stay involved in their childrens education in the event that the results of an evaluation do not match the potential of their child.Parents should know the norms and abnormalities of their childs behavior. Therefore, it is always beneficial to the child for parents and teachers to communicate. This way if a child is acting up in class, and the teacher notifies the parent, the parent may confirm any fears right outdoor(a) by simply saying, that isnt like him or hes safe nervous. Avoidi ng drastic measures and not jumping to conclusions is the proper way to evaluate a child fairly. What are the predicted long-term benefits to premature childishness Assessments? Are assessments and student evaluations accurate?Should teachers be required to assess and evaluate students as much as they already do? These are just a few of the questions that plagued educators for years. Too much assessing has placed so much pressure on students and teachers, inevitably taking away a childs desire to learn for the sake of learning. The purpose of assessments and evaluations is a great concept, but placing too much pressure and emphasis on the test results is tainting the original purpose of learning. References Bers, T. H. & Mittler, M. L. (1994). New Directions for Community Colleges.Assessment & Testing Myths and Realities A Critical Review of Student Assessment Options, 69-83. Brink, M. (2002). Involving Parents in Early childhood Assessment Perspectives from an Early Intervention Instructor. Early Childhood information Journal, 29(4), 251-7. Retrieved from Education Full Text database Early, D. M. , McKenna, M. , & Slentz, K. L. (2008). A Guide to Assessment in Early Childhood Infancy to Age Eight. Washington call down Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. The National Academies of Sciences (2008). Early Childhood Assessment Why, What, And How.Retrieved October 19, 2011 from http//www. bocyf. org/head_start_brief. pdf. Early Learning Standards Task Force and Kindergarten Assessment Work Group. (2005). Early Childhood Assessment For Children From Birth To Age 8 (Grade 3). Harrisburg, PA protoactiniums Departments of Education and Public Welfare. Snow, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. (2008). Early Childhood Assessment Why, What, And How. Washington, D. C. The National Research Council Of The National Academies Wortham, S. (2012). Assessment in Early Childhood Education, (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson.